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- Fire resistance (4)
- Fire stability (3)
- Fully developed fire (3)
- Concrete (2)
- Concrete filled tube (CFT) column (2)
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Organisationseinheit der BAM
A systematic approach was used to investigate the weathering-induced degradation of a common water–based intumescent coating. In this study, the coatings are intended for humid indoor applications on steel substrates. The coating contains ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, melamine, and polyvinyl acetate. By replacing each ingredient with a less water-soluble substance, the most vulnerable substances, polyvinyl acetate and pentaerythritol, were identified. Furthermore, the weathering resistance of the system was improved by exchanging the ingredients. The coatings were stressed by artificial weathering tests and evaluated by fire tests. Thermogravimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the thermal decomposition. This study lays the foundation for the development of a new generation of water-based intumescent coatings.
The phenomenon of creep of structural steel in fire engineering is gaining more and more interest. Due to shortcomings of the EC3 constitutive model and other approaches based on classical creep theory an alternative approach mainly based on the ideas of Krempl is proposed. Due to this so-called operator approach the material as well as the constitutive model is looked upon as an operator. The application of this view serves as a guide through the analysis of the relationship between experimental facts and constitutive theory especially in the context of transient creep.
Ausgehend von einer kritischen Analyse der Materialkennwerte für normalfesten (NFB) und hochfesten Beton (HFB) im Eurocode 2 wurden in grundlegenden Untersuchungen an der BAM exemplarisch für einen HFB die thermomechanischen Materialkennwerte bestimmt, um auf der Basis eines geeigneten Materialmodells das Verhalten von Stahlbetonstützen aus HFB unter Brandbeanspruchung zu simulieren. Die Validierung des Modells erfolgte mittels großmaßstäblicher Brandversuche an belasteten Stahlbetonstützen aus dem gleichen HFB wie in den Materialuntersuchungen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Festigkeit als charakteristischer Parameter des Materialmodells zwingend auf der Basis instationärer Versuche und nicht aus stationären Versuchen wie bei NFB üblich bestimmt werden muss. Mit den in vorgeschlagenen Materialbeziehungen für HFB wird das Tragverhalten der untersuchten Stützen dagegen deutlich überschätzt, was sich in den numerischen Simulationen insbesondere durch zu geringe Verformungen äußert.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Development and Validation of an Advanced Calculation Model for High Strength Concrete Columns Subjected to Fire Loading
Following a critical analysis of the material parameters of normal strength (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC) presented in Eurocode 2 the thermo-mechanical material parameters of one representative HSC were identified. Using these parameters and based on an appropriate material model the behavior of HSC columns was simulated. The validation of the model was realized through real scale fire resistance tests on loaded columns of the same type of HSC as in the material identification tests. It was found that the strength as a characteristic parameter of the material model has to be identified on the basis of transient creep tests and not of stationary tests, respectively as realized usually for NSC. It could be shown that the structural behavior of the tested columns is overestimated if the numerical simulations are based on the material properties of HSC as proposed in. This feature is expressed especially through insufficient displacements.
Most of the previous studies on reinforced concrete columns with elastically restrained thermal elongation were carried out on square, rectangular or '+'-shaped cross sections. The number of fire resistance tests on circular reinforced concrete columns with elastically restrained thermal elongation is still very small. In order to examine the influence of several parameters on the behaviour in fire of this type of columns several fire resistance tests were carried out. The parameters tested were the load and restraint level, slenderness of the column and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. In the fire resistance tests the specimens were exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire curve and the critical time (fire resistance) and temperature and failure modes were determined. The test results showed that the spalling phenomenon may occur in circular columns and so reducing its fire resistance. The increasing of the load level led to a reduction while the increasing of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio or the decreasing of the slenderness of the columns led to an increasing of their fire resistance. The restraint level might not be much relevant on the fire resistance of circular reinforced concrete columns.
The fire stability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) shell structures was investigated using an intermediate-scale test setup. The shell specimens are representative of typical load-bearing CFRPs in modern civil aviation. The CFRP shell specimens were exposed to a fully developed fire with direct flame impingement to one side at a heat flux of 182 kW/m2. Specimens were simultaneously loaded with constant compressive force equal to 40% of the ultimate failure load. CFRP shells and four different fire retarding configurations, using integrated protective layers, were investigated. Unprotected CFRP specimens failed after just 27 s. Specimens with integrated protective layers with low heat conductivity and high burn-through resistance showed the most promising results. An integrated titanium foil decelerated the decomposition of the epoxy matrix and increased the time to failure by 68% compared to the unprotected CFRP shell.
Fire stability of glass-fibre sandwich panels: The influence of core materials and flame retardants
(2017)
Fire resistance has become a key property for structural lightweight sandwich components in aviation, shipping, railway vehicles, and construction. The development of future composite materials and components demands adequate test procedures for simultaneous application of compression and fully developed fire. Therefore an intermediate-scale approach (specimen size = 500 mm x 500 mm) is applied with compressive loads (up to 1 MN) and direct application of a burner to one side of the specimens, as established in aviation for severe burn-through tests. The influence of different core structures (polyvinylchloride foam, polyisocyanorate foam reinforced by stitched glass bridges, and balsa wood) was investigated for glass-fibre-reinforced sandwich specimens with and without flame retardants applied on the fabrics, in the matrix, and on surface for each specimen at the same time. Times to failure were increased up to a factor of 4. The intumescent coating prolongs the time to failure significantly.
What is more, using the intrinsic potential of the front skin together with the core to protect a load bearing back skin in sandwich panels, the design of the core – here using the wood core – is the most promising approach.