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- Niobium carbide (21)
- NbC (11)
- Wear (11)
- Cermet (8)
- Friction (8)
- Sintering (7)
- Cobalt (6)
- Hard metal (6)
- Hardness (6)
- Mechanical properties (6)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
The tribological profile of alumina (99.7%) mated against rotating disks made in binder-less niobium carbide (NbC) and cobalt-bonded NbC were determined under unidirectional sliding tests (0.1 m/s to 8.0 m/s; 22 °C and 400 °C) as well as in oscillation tests (f = 20 Hz, Δx = 0.2 mm, 2/50/98% rel. humidity, n = 105/106 cycles) under unlubricated (dry) conditions. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical properties of binderless NbC and NbC bonded with 8% cobalt were determined as well. The reason for testing hot-pressed NbC was to avoid side effects generated by sintering additives and/or second phases. The tribological data obtained were benchmarked with different ceramics, cermets and thermally sprayed coatings. NbC and cobalt-bonded NbC exhibited low wear rates under dry sliding associated with high load carrying capacity. The tribological profile established revealed a strong position of NbC bearing materials under tribological considerations and for closed tribo-systems against traditional references, such as WC, Cr3C2 and (Ti,Mo)(C,N).
The approaching CO2 targets have now enforced automotive OEMs to engage R&D efforts also in powertrain to reduce friction, increase lifetime properties, and load carrying capacities of running systems. Martensitic steels such as 36NiCrMoV1-5-7 have a great potential to be used in automotive powertrain applications due to its favorable mechanical properties. In order to realize lightweight strategies, it is essential that steels with improved fracture toughness values and higher annealing temperatures with regard to higher contact pressures and possible thin film coating application be considered. State-of-the-art steels, like 16MnCr5, 21NiCrMo, 30CrMoV9, and 100Cr6 are not able to sustain a further increase in torque or load during operating time as well as annealing effects under higher oil or deposition temperatures. Therefore, the recent research on the slip-rolling resistance, frictional, and wear behavior of steels such as 36NiCrMoV1-5-7, Cronidur 30 (AMS 5898), 20MnCr5 (SAE 4820 or 5120), and 100Cr6H (SAE E52100) showed that possible lean alloying concept alternatives with promising performance characteristics are already available.
Das triboiogische Profil von binderlosem NbC und mit 8% bzw. mit 12% Cobalt oder 12% FeaAl gebundenem NbC wird unter unidirektionaler Gleitreibung (v= 0,1-10 m/s, T= 22°C und 400°C) und unter oszillierender Gleitreibung vergleichend gegenüber Ingenieurkeramiken und Hartmetallen dargestellt. Zusätzlich werden die 4-Punkt-Biegebruchfestigkeit, elastische Eigenschaften (E,G) bis 1.000°C die lastabhängige Mikrohärte sowie die Phasenzusammensetzung und Gefügestrukturen vorgestellt.
Die Verschleißkoeffizienten des binderlosen NbC lagen bei T unterhalb von 10'6mm31 / *N* m, während diejenigen der cobaltgebundenen NbCs mit ansteigender Gleitgeschwindigkeit von 2-4 10‘6 mm3/Nm bei 0,1 m/s auf 5-7 10"7 mm3/Nm bei 10 m/s abnahmen. Die Verschleißkoeffizienten bei 400°C lagen für die NbCs generell unterhalb von 10‘6 mm3/Nm. Das triboiogische Lasttragevermögen im Trockenlauf, ausgedrückt als PV-Wert, nimmt mit ansteigender Gleitgeschwindigkeit auf 100 W/mm2 zu. Bedingt durch die geringe Löslichkeit von NbC in Legierungen offenbarten erste Zerspanversuche mit verschiedenen Stählen eine gegenüber WC-basierten Schneidstoffen signifikant angehobene Zerspanungsvolumina. Somit offenbart NbC in offenen und geschlossenen Tribosystemen Anwendungspotentiale.
Das tribologische Profil von binderlosem NbC und mit 8% bzw. mit 12% Cobalt oder 12% Fe3Al gebundenem NbC wird unter unidirektionaler Gleitreibung (v= 0,1-10 m/s, T= 22°C und 400°C) und unter oszillierender Gleitreibung vergleichend gegenüber Ingenieurkeramiken und Hartmetallen dargestellt. Zusätzlich werden die 4-Punkt-Biegebruchfestigkeit, elastische Eigenschaften (E,G) bis 1.000�C die lastabhängige Mikrohärte sowie die Phasenzusammensetzung und Gefügestrukturen vorgestellt. Die Verschleißkoeffizienten des binderlosen NbC lagen bei T unterhalb von 10-6 mm³/N?m, während diejenigen der cobaltgebundenen NbCs mit ansteigender Gleitgeschwindigkeit von 2-4 10-6 mm³/N?m bei 0,1 m/s auf 5-7 10-7 mm³/N.m bei 10 m/s abnahmen. Die Verschleißkoeffizienten bei 400°C lagen für die NbCs generell unterhalb von 10-6 mm³/N.m. Das tribologische Lasttragevermögen im Trockenlauf, ausgedrückt als PV-Wert, nimmt mit ansteigender Gleitgeschwindigkeit auf 100 W/mm² zu. Bedingt durch die geringe Löslichkeit von NbC in Legierungen offenbarten erste Zerspanversuche mit verschiedenen Stählen eine gegenüber WC-basierten Schneidstoffen signifikant angehobene Zerspanungsvolumina. Somit offenbart NbC in offenen und geschlossenen Tribosystemen Anwendungspotentiale.
The tribological profile of alumina (99,7%) mated against binderless niobium Carbide (NbC) rotating disks under under unlubricated (dry) friction and the type of motions of unidirectional sliding (0.1 m/s to 7.5 m/s; 22°C and 400°C) and oscillation (f= 20 Hz, Ax= 200 mm, 2/50/98% rel. humidity, n= 105/106 cycles) was determined including the microstructure and mechanical properties. The obtained tribological data were benchmarked with different ceramics, cermets and thermally sprayed coatings. The established tribological profile revealed a strong position of NbC under tribological considerations and for closed tribosystems against traditional references, like WC, Ci‘3C2, (Ti,Mo)(C,N), etc..
The tribological profile of rotating disks made of binder-less niobium carbide (hot-pressed NbC) and cobalt-bonded NbC (NbC-8Co) mated against alumina (99.7%) were determined under unidirectional sliding tests (0.1 m/s to 8.0 m/s; 22°C and 400°C) as well as in oscillation tests (f= 20 Hz, Δx= 0.2 mm, 2/50/98% rel. humidity, n= 105/106 cycles) under un-lubricated (dry) conditions. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC and NbC bonded with 8% cobalt were determined as well. The tribological data obtained were benchmarked with different ceramics, cermets, hard metals and thermally sprayed coatings, where the NbC-8Co presented above 7 m/s the lowest wear rates so far in such a bench mark. NbC and NbC-8Co exhibited low wear rates under dry sliding associated with P·V high load carrying capacity. The tribological profile established revealed a strong position of NbC bearing materials under tribological considerations and for closed tribo-systems against traditional references.
Substitution of tungsten carbide by niobium carbide as cutting materials and for wear protection
(2016)
Several phases, like Nb₄ C₃ , Nb₆C₅ and other short and long range ordered phases occur in the region of homogeneity of NbCₓ (0.75 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) in the binary phase diagram. Properties, like micro-hardness, hot hardness, sliding wear resistance, elastic modulus and toughness can be tailored by the C/Nb ratio, the addition of secondary carbides and the type of binder. Supporting results from different grades with varying C/Nb ratio or binder types were illuminated. Thus, the NbC system offers to producers a wider process window, than WC. The impact of these tailored properties on sliding wear and cutting performance was illuminated by tribological and machining results.
Niobium is today largely available. NbC can be synthesized by carbothermal conversion of Nb₂O₅ or be metallurgically grown and leached out, provides comparably low friction in many relevant tribo-contacts and displays low wear. NbC and Nb₂O₅ have so far no REACH classification related to human toxicology and are not listed as substances of very high concern contrary to WO₃ and Co₃ O₄ .