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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Currently at Deutsche Bahn (DB) ultrasonic inspections in maintenance procedures for wheelset axles with a bore hole are, to the greatest possible extent, carried out using automated ultrasonic inspection system. Although the acceptance levels are in accordance with DIN 27201 part 7, the testing results have shown in recent years that in the case of true indications, the effective defect sizes were far below the level of acceptance. Due to this experience it can be assumed that the automated ultrasonic inspection systems are testing substantially more sensitively than required. This increased sensitivity leads to an increase in false indications, generally resulting in the unnecessary demounting of wheelsets. In Research cooperation between Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) and DB the effective flaw detection sensitivity of existing automated ultrasonic inspection system will be determined and the true/false indication ratio optimised. Through systematic investigations with the Probability of Detection method on the existing automated ultrasonic inspection system the results could be directly applied to the optimisation of existing ultrasonic inspections of wheelset axles with a bore hole in maintenance procedures and the level of reliability can be considerably increased.
The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution.
The project InPROMPT aims to establish a robust hydroformylation reaction process of the alkene n-dodecene to the aldehyde n-tridecanal using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. This industrial relevant production process demands further research for optimization and expansion. For that purpose, the fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer is directly introduced in the product stream, which enables the recording of spectra within short control intervals.
The reliability investigations are dedicated to throw light on the performance of the NDE system with respect to the required aim. This is especially of interest when it is looked for life damaging objects in the case of mine seeking and when it is even more difficult to distinguish between the different suppliers of methods concerning their actual capability.
In accordance with the conception of EFNDT WG5 and CEN BT 126 CW 07 the authors have the aim to transfer the knowledge in reliability measurement of NDE systems to the reliability measurement of mine detection systems. For this the three basic ways to investigate the reliability of NDE signals will be described. The first way of investigation, the performance demonstration, is preferred e.g. in the US American nuclear power industry. This is an integral consideration of the non destructive test as a system where the whole NDE system is packed in a black box and only the input in terms of the real existing flaws in the component is considered and compared to the output in terms of the indications of the human inspector or of the automated system. The second - the European tradition relies on a standardized description of physical/technical parameters of the NDE system which are preconditions for successful system performance. The third approach - the modular conception - is a marriage of both: The signal chain is cut into main modules.
Each module is assessed in a most appropriate individual way e.g. via modeling calculations. The single results are joint together according to the reliability theory of systems where the reliability of the total system is composed of the reliability of the subsystems. Separating criteria for the system were proposed through a reliability formula developed during a series of European-American workshops on NDE reliability. A further essential parameter especially for demining systems are the repeatability and reproducibility. Their affect on the reliability and its scatter will be investigated. Examples for the ROC/POD approach in terms of the investigation of the reliability of ultrasonic manual testing and for first attempts for the reliability investigation of demining data will be presented.
It will be strongly recommended to apply the ROC/POD and Modular Conceptions to the assessment and optimization of mine seeking systems.