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Engineering design of spot-welded components as well as computational analyses of the local stress in the weld zone require relevant fatigue test data. Those test data, however, are dependent on the applied specimens, on the specimen restraint, on the load introduction into the weld zone as well as on the definition of the specimen failure. The discussion of the advantages and drawbacks as well as of the influence of these factors shows that a deliberate selection of specimens is necessary for different test purposes. For the comparability of the test results it is essential in addition to specify comparable test conditions, e.g., specimen fixturing, load introduction and definition of the specimen failure. On account of the variety of variants, a standardization of suitable specimens and respective test conditions hence constitutes an approach to the determination of relevant and comparable test results.
Substantial improvement in the fatigue strength of spot welded high-strength steels has been achieved with the help of a mechanical method, i. e. preloading. Fatigue tests of preloaded tensile shear specimens made from the material H280LA have revealed that their S/N-curves, compared to those of non-preloaded specimens, are not only located at elevated positions, but have flatter slope, too. Low cycle fatigue tests of the triple-spot weld tensile shear specimens examined yielded an increase in fatigue strength of around 50 %. Due to preloading, the notch zones in the spot welded area undergo plastic deformation as a result of high notch stresses. After specimen unloading, compressive stresses arise in this area involving a beneficial specimen behaviour under the load imposed in subsequent fatigue testing, thus causing delayed crack initiation in the spot weld area.