Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (89)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (50)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (30)
- Posterpräsentation (8)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (5)
- Forschungsbericht (5)
- Buchkapitel (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Sonstiges (1)
Schlagworte
- Tensile properties (15)
- BAM-Liste (14)
- Dangerous goods (14)
- Sealing materials (12)
- Biodiesel (11)
- Biofuels (11)
- Compatibility (11)
- BAM-List (9)
- Polyethylene grades (9)
- Shore hardness (9)
- Beständigkeit (7)
- Compatibility evaluations (7)
- Polyethylen (7)
- Corrosion resistance (6)
- Dichtungswerkstoffe (6)
- Korrosionsbeständigkeit (6)
- Polyethylenformstoffe (6)
- Beständigkeitsbewertung (5)
- Corrosion tests (5)
- Gefahrguttransport (5)
- Gefahrgutverpackungen (5)
- High-alloyed metallic tank materials (5)
- Spannungsrissbeständigkeit (5)
- Biokraftstoffe (4)
- Change in tensile properties (4)
- Dangerous goods packagings (4)
- Design type tests (4)
- E85 (4)
- Gefahrgüter (4)
- Heizöllagerbehälter (4)
- Tankcontainer (4)
- Tankfahrzeuge (4)
- Tankwerkstoffe (4)
- B10 (3)
- Baumusterprüfungen (3)
- Bioethanol (3)
- Dangerous goods packaging (3)
- Duplexstahl (3)
- Eisenbahnkesselwagen (3)
- FAME (3)
- FTIR (3)
- Gefahrgutverpackung (3)
- Heizöl (3)
- Lebensdauer (3)
- Mass loss (3)
- Material parameters (3)
- Metallene Werkstoffe (3)
- Monitoring (3)
- Nickel alloy (3)
- Polyethylene (3)
- Polyethylenterephthalat (3)
- Schadensursachen (3)
- Schädigungsgrad (3)
- Verpackungen (3)
- Acoustic emission (2)
- Aged biodiesel (2)
- Aged heating oil with 10% biodiesel (B10) (2)
- Beschleunigungssensoren (2)
- Beständigkeitsuntersuchungen (2)
- Change in MFR and tensile properties (2)
- Change in mass (2)
- Compatibility evaluation (2)
- Duplex steel (2)
- Duplexsteel (2)
- E10 (2)
- FTIR analysis (2)
- FTIR spectra (2)
- Faseroptische Sensorik (2)
- HDPE grades (2)
- Heating oil tanks (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Korrosionsschäden (2)
- Korrosionsuntersuchungen (2)
- Laboratory method (2)
- Leckage (2)
- Materialschäden (2)
- Metallische Behälterwerkstoffe (2)
- Permeation barriers (2)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (2)
- Polymeric materials (2)
- Polymers (2)
- Polymerwerkstoffe (2)
- Resistance to oxidative degradation (2)
- Rohrleitung (2)
- Schallemission (2)
- Service life (2)
- Shore-Härte (2)
- Standardflüssigkeiten (2)
- Stapeldruckprüfung (2)
- Stress corrosion cracking (2)
- Stress cracking resistance (2)
- Superaustenitic steels (2)
- Tank materials (2)
- Transport (2)
- Zugeigenschaften (2)
- biofuels (2)
- compatibility (2)
- sealing materials (2)
- 1.4362 (1)
- Accelerometer (1)
- Accelerometers (1)
- Acid corrosion (1)
- Aged heating oil with 10% and 20% biodiesel (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Assimilierungsliste (1)
- Atmosphärische Korrosion (1)
- Austenitic CrNiMo steel (1)
- BAM-GGR 003 (1)
- BAM-list (1)
- Baumusterprüfung (1)
- Bauschäden (1)
- Bending tests on pipe segments (1)
- Beständigkeit gegen oxidativen Abbau (1)
- Beständigkeit in Biokraftstoffen (1)
- Beständigkeitsbewertungen (1)
- Bewertung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit (1)
- Biegefestigkeit (1)
- Biegesteifigkeit (1)
- Biobrennstoff (1)
- Biozide (1)
- Change in shore hardness (1)
- Chemische Verträglichkeit (1)
- Compression set (1)
- Continous monitoring (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Corrosion test (1)
- Datenbank Gefahrgut (1)
- Degree of damage (1)
- Degree of degradation (1)
- Design-type tests (1)
- Diesel fuel (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (1)
- Doppelwandbehälter (1)
- Drop test (1)
- Drop tests (1)
- Druckkraft (1)
- Druckverformungsrestprüfung (1)
- Duplex steels (1)
- E10 (Kraftstoff mit bis zu 10% Ethanol) (1)
- Economic Losses (1)
- Eindringtiefen (1)
- Elastomer (1)
- Elastomere (1)
- Elastomers (1)
- Elektrische Fremdbeeinflussung (1)
- Environmental Pollution (1)
- FNCT (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fiber optic sensing (1)
- Fibre optic acoustic sensing (1)
- Fibre optic sensing (1)
- Fluorkautschuk (FKM) (1)
- Formstoffkennwerte (1)
- Fuel with 10 % ethanol (1)
- Fuels (1)
- Full notch creep test (1)
- Gefahrguttanks (1)
- Gefahrstofflagerung (1)
- HDPE (1)
- HDPE-Formstoffe (1)
- Heating oil (1)
- Heating oil - biodiesel - blend (1)
- Heating oil storage tanks (1)
- Heating oil with 10 % FAME (1)
- Heating oil with 10 % biodiesel (1)
- Heating oil with 10% biodiesel (1)
- Heating oil with 20% biodiesel (1)
- Heating oil-Biodiesel-Blend (1)
- Heizöl mit 10% Biodiesel (1)
- Heizöl mit 20% Biodiesel (B20) (1)
- Heizöl-20% Biodiesel-Blend (1)
- Heizöl-FAME-Blends (1)
- High alloyed stainless steel (1)
- High-alloyed metallic tank (1)
- High-alloyed stainless steel (1)
- Hochlegierte Tankwandungswerkstoffe (1)
- Hydraulic pressure test (1)
- Höherlegierte Tankwerkstoffe (1)
- Höherlegierte Werkstoffe (1)
- Höherlegierte metallische Tankwerkstoffe (1)
- Höherlegierte metallische Werkstoffe (1)
- Korrosionstest (1)
- Korrosive Medien (1)
- Kraftstoffe mit biogenen Anteilen (1)
- Kraftstoffe mit und ohne biogene Anteile (1)
- Leak detection (1)
- Leakproofness test (1)
- Luftverunreinigung (1)
- Materialkennwerte (1)
- Melt Flow Rate (MFR) (1)
- Metallic materials (1)
- Metallische Tankwerkstoffe (1)
- Mischsäuren (1)
- Monitoring von Rohrleitungen (1)
- Nachweis der chemischen Verträglichkeit (1)
- Nachweisverfahren (1)
- Nickel-base alloy (1)
- Nickel-based alloy (1)
- Nickelbasislegierung (1)
- Nickellegierung (1)
- Nickellegierungen (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Notched impact strength at -30°C (1)
- Oxidativer Abbau (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- Packagings for the transport of dangerous goods (1)
- Pipeline monitoring (1)
- Pipelines (1)
- Polymer in fuels (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymere Behälterwerkstoffe (1)
- Polymere Dichtungs-, Beschichtungs- und Auskleidungswerkstoffe (1)
- Polymere Werkstoffe (1)
- Pre-storage with nitric acid (1)
- Premium grade fuels (1)
- Proof of compatibility (1)
- RME (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance of polymers (1)
- Rohrbiegeprüfstand (1)
- Salpetersäure (1)
- Schadensursachen an Rohrleitungen (1)
- Schmelze-Masse-Fließrate (1)
- Schädigung (1)
- Shore Hardness (1)
- Sonderedelstähle (1)
- Stacking test (1)
- Stapeldruckprüfungen (1)
- Steel (1)
- Stoffbezogene Baumusterzulassung (1)
- Storage (1)
- Struktur- und fluidmechanische Schwingungen (1)
- Superaustenite (1)
- Tanks (1)
- Tankwerkstoff (1)
- Transport tanks (1)
- Transport tanks of dangerous goods (1)
- Transport und Lagerung von Chemikalien (1)
- Transporttankwerkstoffe (1)
- Verpackungen zum Transport von Gefahrgütern (1)
- Verpackungsmaterial (1)
- Versagensgrenzen (1)
- Verteilte Faseroptische Sensorik (1)
- Verträglichkeitsnachweis (1)
- Werkstoffbeständigkeit (1)
- Werkstoffkennwerte (1)
- X2CrNiN23-4 (1)
- Zeitstandbeanspruchung (1)
- dangerous goods packagings (1)
- polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- stress cracking resistance (1)
- test methods (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (27)
- 3.2 Gefahrguttanks und Unfallmechanik (27)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (9)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (9)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (3)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (3)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (3)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (3)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (3)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (3)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (89)
Use of Corrosion Resistant High-Alloyed Metallic Materials for Transport Tanks of Dangerous Goods
(2005)
In Germany the BAM-List Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous
Goods is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for
the carriage of dangerous goods. Such approval is undertaken by the Federal Institute for
Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic
material groups as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of
dangerous goods and water-polluting substances are published in section 5 of the BAM-List.
According to the relevant regulations for rail, road and sea transportation a compulsory
internal inspection after certain intervals is required. The required corrosion resistance
depends on the length of the inspection interval.
There is a large number of dangerous goods with a high corrosivity to metals, where the standard
steels are not corrosion resistant. Chemical companies, transportation providers and tank
producers need tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials in order to protect the tank shell
and prevent contamination of high-value cargo as well as the environment. One solution is to
line the tank with a polymeric material, an alternative solution to corrosion problems is the
application of high-alloyed materials.
Only a narrow limited number of corrosion test results of these high-alloyed materials under
the influence of corrosive dangerous goods are available. In order to change this situation and
include the superaustenitic steels X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 (Alloy 926), X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7
(Alloy 31) and the nickel-based alloy NiCr23Mo16Al (Alloy 59) in the BAM-List, BAM,
IKS Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM started an comprehensive test program with welded
specimens made. The program comprises corrosion resistance evaluations of the high-alloyed
materials in substances representing 12 major groups of corrosive dangerous goods (e.g.
inorganic halogenides, organic acidic halogenides, halogenic carbonic acids, chlorosilanes,
chlorates, perchlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites and hydrogen sulphates).
The test results, presented in this paper, will be included in the upcoming 8th edition of the
BAM-List and therefore available for the costumer.
Use of Corrosion Resistant High-Alloyed Metallic Materials for Transport Tanks of Dangerous Goods
(2005)
Transportation of dangerous goods are worldwide regulated in the rules or standards e.g. in the recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods of the United Nations, in the Accord Européen Relatif au Transport International des Marchandises Dangereuses par Route (ADR) etc. Addi-tional to these international regulations also national regulations and stan-dards e.g. Gefahrgutverordnung Straße und Eisenbahn (GGVSE) in Ger-many are bases for the transport of hazardous materials. For the material properties of tanks in the BAM-List Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods specifications for the sub-stance prototype approval for tank materials are listed. Further compati-bility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as of poly-meric gasket and lining materials under the influence of dangerous goods are published in the List. There are a large number of highly corrosive dangerous goods listed, in which conventional steels are not resistant. Chemical companies, transportation providers and tank producers need tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials (corrosion retardant materi-als) in order to protect the tank shell. The application of high-alloyed stainless steels and nickel alloys as there are alloy 926 (1.4529; X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7), alloy 31 (1.4562;X1NiCrMoCu31-27-7) and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy 59 (2.4605; NiCr23Mo16Al) is an al-ternative solution compared with the lining of the tanks with a polymeric material. Due to the limited number of corrosion test results with welded test sam-ples of these high-alloyed materials under the influence of corrosive dan-gerous goods BAM, Institute for Corrosion Protection (IKS) Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM have been performing a comprehensive test program since 2002. The program comprised corrosion resistance evaluations of the three high-alloyed materials exposed to substances representing cor-rosive dangerous goods such as inorganic halogenides, organic acidic halogenides, sulfonic acids and nitrating acids.
Use of higher-alloyed metallic materials and duplex steels for transport tanks of dangerous goods
(2011)
Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials under the influence of dangerous goods are published in the BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” as basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods.
There is a request of the tank manufacturing industry and transportation Companies to incorporate additional materials into the BAM-List, especially corrosion-resistant materials because of the large number of corrosive dangerous goods. One solution to solve corrosion Problems is to line the tank with a polymer, an alternative solution is the application of high-alloyed stainless steels and nickel-based alloys as there are 1.4529 (XINiCrMoCu 25-20-7, alloy 926), 1.4562 (X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7, alloy 31) and 2.4605 (NiCr23Mo16AI, alloy 59).
There is an interest to use cost-efficient steels with high strength values and concomitant adequate corrosion resistance such as duplex steel 1.4362 (X2CrNiN23-4).
This steel grade was originally developed as a substitute for the austenitic grades 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) and 1.4571 (X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2). Due to the lower content of the alloy elements nickel and molybdenum this duplex steel is a cost-efficient alternative to molybdenum containing austenite.
Due to the limited number of corrosion test results with welded test samples of these high-alloyed materials and the duplex steel under the influence of corrosive dangerous goods a comprehensive test Programme was performed with these materials in Cooperation with ThyssenKrupp VDM and Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH. It can be concluded from the test results that the superaustenitic steels 1.4529 and 1.4562 as well as the nickel-based alloy 2.4605 are a really good alternative as tank materials for the transport of dangerous goods in comparison to the lining of the tanks. The nickel-based alloy 2.4605 shows the best resistance and is suitable as material for tanks transporting all tested corrosive substances. One exception is the temperature limit during the transport of hydrochloric acid.
The superaustenit 1.4562 is a resistant material with a wide ränge of application. Exceptions for use are: ammonium bifluoride, brine, 34 % calcium Chloride solution, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, 90 % 2-chloropropionic acid, nitrating acid with nitric acid content > 50 % and molten monochloroacetic acid. The alloy is limited suitable for allyl Chloride, aluminum Chloride, copper (II) -Chloride and ferric Chloride. The superaustenit 1.4529 showed the lowest resistance compared to the other two materials. This steel is not resistant in hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, sodium Chlorite and sodium hypochlorite. The application is limited in the concentration ränge of aqueous Solutions of aluminum Chloride, copper (II) Chloride and ferric Chloride. Due to the reduced alloying content of the duplex steel 1.4362 (X2CrNiN23-4) compared to the austenitic CrNiMo-steels, a lower resistance especially in acidic media like formic, acetic or sulfuric acid was observed. Within the more than 7.000 substances contained in the BAM-List there is a large amount of dangerous goods such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, and inorganic alkaline substances which have a large transport volume and do not corrode the duplex steel 1.4362 (X2CrNiN23-4).
The test results are included in the actual 11th edition of the BAM-List and therefore available for the costumer.
In Germany the “BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers undertaken by the BAM1 - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7200 dangerous goods have been published in the BAM-List since 1989.
The ferritic Steel UNS S44400 (X2CrMoTil8-10, 1.4521) was originally developed as alternative for the austenitic grade AISI316L (X2CrNiMo 17-12-2, 1.4404). Due to its characteristic profile this Steel was qualified for applications requiring high strength values at concomitant adequate corrosion resistance. Because of the lack of Nickel this Steel is a cost-efficient alternative to the Ni-containing austenites. No corrosion test results of UNS S44400 under the influence of dangerous goods were published in the BAM-List so far. Only data on the behavior of AISI 316L are listed. Therefore test specimens of this Steel were exposed to selected corrosive substances in order to compare both steels.
Due to the reduced alloy content a reduced corrosion resistance of the Steel UNS S44400 in acidic substances, such as formic acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid, in comparison to the austenitic CrNiMosteels was expected but not observed. Tests in an alkaline medium showed sufficient resistance.
Alloy 59 (NiCr23Mo16Al) with a lot of chromium, molybdenum and nickel possesses excellent resistance not only to reducing but also oxidizing chemicals. Both the Nickel alloy 59 and the superaustenitic steel alloy 31 have already been used as shell materials for tank vehicles or tank containers. Use of these alloys allows the transport of a signifi-cantly more wider variety of chemicals and, especially, waste mixtures than the use of common aus-tenitic steels. Another advantage is the extension of test intervals of for transport tanks. In Germany the 'BAM-List – Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods' is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods issued by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Com-patibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods and water-polluting sub-stances are published in the BAM-List. Alloy 59 belongs to the group of metallic materials in the BAM-List. Due to the large number of dangerous goods in the BAM-List BAM, IKS Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM performed a comprehensive corrosion test programme with welded specimens of the nickel alloy 59 and the superaustenitic steels alloy 926 and alloy 31 in the period 2002 - 2010. Especially In particular alloy 59 and alloy 31 were exposed to a large number of corrosive sub-stances such as various mixtures of both nitric acid/sulphuric acid and nitric acid/phosphoric acid at 55 °C. Other corrosive test substances were different organic and inorganic halogenides, peroxyace-tic acid and molten substances. In the case of molten chemicals such as monochloroacetic acid the test temperature was increased to more than 100 °C. The test results presented in this paper are al-ready included in the 10th edition of the BAM-List and, therefore, available to the customer.
Comparison of the corrosion resistance to dangerous goods of austenitic CrNiMo and duplex steels
(2014)
The “BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis in Germany for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers in Germany. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials and polymeric materials under the influence of approximately 7200 dangerous goods have been published in the BAM-List since 1989. The austenitic CrNi- and CrNiMo-steels - UNS S30403, UNS S31600, UNSS31603 and UNS S31635 - are the materials mostly used worldwide for transport tanks. The duplex Steel UNS S31803 has been put on the BAMList due to the great interest of tank producers and transport Companies. Using UNS S31803 instead of 316L, the weight of the tanks can be reduced, and the list of transportable goods can be extended. The objective of these investigations was to compare the corrosion resistance of duplex Steel UNS S31803 and austenitic Steel UNS S31603. Therefore, test specimens of both steels were exposed to selected corrosive substances, such as formic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrating acid, monochloroacetic acid and trichloroacetone at 55 °C (30 °C, 70 °C). The test results have shown that the duplex Steel UNSS31803 is a good alternative to austenitic CrNiMo-steel UNS S31603 for tanks carrying corrosive dangerous goods.
Comparison of the Corrosion Resistance to Dangerous Goods of Austenitic CrNiMo and Duplex Steels
(2014)
In Germany the "BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods" is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers undertaken by the BAM - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods have been published in the BAM-List since 1989.
The duplex Steel 1.4362 (2304, UNS S32304) was originally developed as substitute for the austenitic grades 1.4404 (316L, UNS S31603) and 1.4571 (316Ti, UNS S31635). Due to its characteristic profile this Steel was qualified for applications requiring high strength values at concomitant adequate corrosion resistance. Because of its lower content of the alloy elements nickel and molybdenum this duplex Steel is a cost-efficient alternative to the molybdenum containing austenite. Only a limited number of corrosion test results of 1.4362 under the influence of dangerous goods published in the BAM-List were available. Therefore test specimens of this Steel were exposed to selected corrosive substances.
Due to the reduced alloy content a reduced corrosion resistance of the duplex Steel 1.4362 in acidic substances, such as formic acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid, in comparison to the austenitic CrNiMosteels was observed. Tests in the alkaline medium showed a sufficient resistance.
In der DIN 6601 - Beständigkeit der Werkstoffe von Behältern/Tanks aus Stahl gegenüber Flüssigkeiten (Positiv-Flüssigkeitsliste) ist die Beständigkeit unlegierter Stähle, austenitischer CrNi- und CrNiMo-Stähle gegenüber den reinen Ottokraftstoffen bewertet. Mit der verstärkten Verwendung bioethanol- und biodieselhaltiger Kraftstoffe und Heizöl stellt sich auch die Frage nach der Beständigkeit der handelsüblichen Tank- und Behälterwerkstoffe sowie der Dichtungswerkstoffe unter dem Einfluss dieser Medien.