Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (301) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (249)
- Deutsch (38)
- Russisch (9)
- Mehrsprachig (2)
- Italienisch (1)
- Serbisch (1)
- Chinesisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Laser beam welding (60)
- Laser welding (18)
- Laser metal deposition (15)
- Resistance spot welding (15)
- Welding simulation (15)
- Additive manufacturing (14)
- Microstructure (14)
- Mechanical properties (11)
- Solidification cracking (11)
- Aluminium (9)
- Laserstrahlschweißen (9)
- Gas metal arc welding (8)
- Hybrid laser-arc welding (8)
- Numerical simulation (8)
- Welding (8)
- Electromagnetic weld pool support (7)
- Widerstandspunktschweißen (7)
- Design of experiments (6)
- Distortion (6)
- Electromagnetic weld pool control (6)
- Festigkeit (6)
- Hartmann effect (6)
- Hochfester Stahl (6)
- Hybrid laser arc welding (6)
- Lorentz force (6)
- Natural convection (6)
- Residual stress (6)
- Rissbildung (6)
- Thick-walled steel (6)
- Werkstofffragen (6)
- Artificial neural network (5)
- DED (5)
- Electron beam welding (5)
- Friction stir welding (5)
- Grain refinement (5)
- High power laser beam welding (5)
- Laser hybrid welding (5)
- Liquid metal embrittlement (5)
- Additive Fertigung (4)
- Advanced high strength steels (4)
- Austenitic stainless steels (4)
- Corrosion (4)
- Crack (4)
- Critical strain (4)
- Element transport (4)
- GTA welding (4)
- Hardness (4)
- Heat conduction (4)
- Heat treatment (4)
- Hot cracking (4)
- Magnetohydrodynamics (4)
- Marangoni flow (4)
- Neural networks (4)
- Numerical modeling (4)
- Numerical welding simulation (4)
- Porosity (4)
- Quality assurance (4)
- Residual stresses (4)
- Solidification (4)
- Weld defects (4)
- Weld pool shape (4)
- Weldability (4)
- 9%Ni steel (3)
- Adaptive control (3)
- Automotive application (3)
- Crack formation (3)
- Deep penetration (3)
- Directed energy deposition (3)
- FEA (3)
- Fatigue (3)
- Finite element analysis (3)
- Finite element simulation (3)
- Full penetration (3)
- Gap (3)
- Grain size (3)
- High strength steel (3)
- High strength steels (3)
- High-strength low-alloy steel (3)
- Inconel 718 (3)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (3)
- MAG welding (3)
- Magnetic field (3)
- Marangoni stresses (3)
- Mathematical modeling (3)
- Mathematical models (3)
- Mechanical mismatching (3)
- Multi-physical modelling (3)
- Partial penetration (3)
- Phase transformation (3)
- Pipeline (3)
- Post-weld heat treatment (3)
- Schweißsimulation (3)
- Sensitivity analysis (3)
- Simulating (3)
- Simulation (3)
- Stress reduction (3)
- TRIP steel (3)
- Temperature (3)
- Weld pool dynamics (3)
- Widerstandspressschweißen (3)
- AHSS (2)
- Advanced high strength steel (2)
- Aluminium alloys (2)
- Arc welding (2)
- Auftragschweißen (2)
- Austenite stability (2)
- Automated manufacturing (2)
- Automotive industry (2)
- Bulge effect (2)
- CCT sensitivity (2)
- CO2 lasers (2)
- Circumferential weld (2)
- Clad steels (2)
- Cladding parameter (2)
- Coarse-grained heat-affected zone (2)
- Columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) (2)
- Cracking (2)
- Cracks (2)
- Data preparation (2)
- Digital image correlation (2)
- Dimensional accuracy (2)
- Directed Energy Deposition (2)
- Directivity (2)
- Dissimilar metal weld overlays (2)
- Dual phase steel (2)
- Duplex (2)
- Duplex AISI 2205 (2)
- Duplex stainless steel (2)
- Duplex stainless steels (2)
- EBSD (2)
- EDXRD (2)
- Electromagnetically controlled laser beam welding (2)
- Elektronenstrahlschweißen (2)
- End crater (2)
- Energy input (2)
- Equivalent heat source (2)
- Fahrzeugbau (2)
- Fatigue life (2)
- Fatigue tests (2)
- Fiber laser (2)
- Fibre-optic lasers (2)
- Fusion zone size (2)
- GMA welding (2)
- Gap bridgeability (2)
- Gas shielded arc welding (2)
- Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) (2)
- Heat flow (2)
- High energy beam welding (2)
- High power (2)
- High-power laser beam welding (2)
- High-pressure pipelines (2)
- High-strength steel (2)
- Hot crack (2)
- Hot cracking test (2)
- Hybrid welding (2)
- Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (2)
- Keyhole (2)
- Kornfeinung (2)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (2)
- L-PBF (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser beam weliding (2)
- Laser beams (2)
- Laser cladding (2)
- Laser energy distribution (2)
- Laser keyhole welding (2)
- Laser scanner optics (2)
- Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (2)
- Laser-hybrid welding (2)
- Laserhybridschweißen (2)
- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (2)
- Local critical strain (2)
- Longitudinal weld (2)
- Manganese (2)
- Marangoni effect (2)
- Matching ferritic welding electrode (2)
- Material flow (2)
- Material questions (2)
- Melt pool dynamics (2)
- Metal mixing (2)
- Modified spray arc (2)
- Molten pool (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nickel alloys (2)
- Notch stress approach (2)
- Numerical modelling (2)
- Numerical process simulation (2)
- Optical flow (2)
- Optimisation (2)
- Orbital welding (2)
- Partial penetration welding (2)
- Pipe manufacturing (2)
- Porosity prevention (2)
- Preheating (2)
- Process monitoring (2)
- Process simulation (2)
- Punktschweißverbindung (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Ray tracing (2)
- Refill friction stir spot welding (2)
- Repair welding (2)
- Schutzgasschweißen (2)
- Schweißeignung (2)
- Schweißnahtfehler (2)
- Seam geometry (2)
- Shielding gases (2)
- Simulation and calculation (2)
- Simulation und Berechnung (2)
- Single pass welding (2)
- Spannungen (2)
- Spot welding (2)
- Stainless steels (2)
- Strength (2)
- Stresses (2)
- Submerged arc welding (2)
- Superellipse (2)
- Synchrotron (2)
- Sysweld (2)
- Temperature field (2)
- Tensile tests (2)
- Thermal analysis (2)
- Thermal cycles (2)
- Thermo-fluid flow (2)
- Ti-6Al-4V (2)
- Titanium alloy (2)
- Transformable steels (2)
- Tubular X-joints (2)
- Vapor plume (2)
- Verzug (2)
- WIG-Schweißen (2)
- Welding-induced distortion (2)
- Welding-induced residual stress (2)
- Wire arc additive manufacturing (2)
- Wärmebehandlung (2)
- YAG lasers (2)
- laser welding (2)
- resistance spot welding (2)
- 2D ray tracing (1)
- 3D ray tracing (1)
- 9% Ni Steel (1)
- AC magnetic field (1)
- AGIL (1)
- AM (1)
- AM feature integration (1)
- AZ31 magnesium alloy (1)
- Adaptive welding beam oscillation (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Advanced High-Strength Steel (AHSS) (1)
- Advanced high-strength steel (1)
- Advanced high-strength steels (1)
- Al Mg Si alloys (1)
- Al Ti5B1 (1)
- AlMg0.7SiTiB filler wire (1)
- Alloy 1050A (1)
- Alloy 5083 (1)
- Alloy 6082 (1)
- Aluminium alloy (1)
- Aluminium-Legierung 5083 (1)
- Aluminium/Aluminiumlegierungen (1)
- Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Aluminum bronze (1)
- Analysis techniques (1)
- Analytical approach (1)
- Anisotropic austenitic steel (1)
- Anisotropic austenitic weld (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- As-shielded arc welding (1)
- Austenitic (1)
- Austenitic welding electrode (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automatisierte Fertigung (1)
- Automobile engineering (1)
- Automobiles (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- Automotive (1)
- Automotive assembly (1)
- Axial force (1)
- Bead-on-plate welds (1)
- Beam attenuation (1)
- Beam welding (1)
- Bending test (1)
- Boundary element method (1)
- Build-up strategy (1)
- Bulge formation (1)
- Bulging (1)
- Bulging effect (1)
- Bulging effects (1)
- C-Mn steels (1)
- CFD model (1)
- CO2 laser (1)
- CO2- and Nd:YAG laser (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Carbon dioxide footprint (1)
- Carbon steels (1)
- Charpy impact toughness (1)
- Cimensional Accuracy (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Coarse grained heat affected zone (1)
- Columnar crystal growth (1)
- Combined processes (1)
- Computer vision (1)
- Condensation (1)
- Condition monitoring (1)
- Continuous cooling transformation diagrams (1)
- Control magnetic field (1)
- Controlled tensile weldability test (1)
- Convolutional neural network (1)
- Corrosion resistance (1)
- Crack growth (1)
- Crash behaviour (1)
- Crater (1)
- Critical strain rate (1)
- Critical strains (1)
- Cryogenic steel (1)
- Crystal branch development (1)
- DED-EB (1)
- DED-LB (1)
- DIC (1)
- DIP transfer (1)
- Damage prediction (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Deep penetration laser beam welding (1)
- Defects (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformation behaviour (1)
- Deformed geometry (1)
- Dendrite growth (1)
- Density measurement (1)
- Deposition rate (1)
- Deposition welding (1)
- Diagnostic of the torch (1)
- Die-cast aluminum (1)
- Die-casted aluminum (1)
- Digital Image Correlation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Direct energy deposition (1)
- Directed Energy Depositio (1)
- Discontinuities (1)
- Dissimilar joints (1)
- Dissimilar welding (1)
- Drive pinion (1)
- Drop out of bead (1)
- Duplex nucleation theory (1)
- Duplex steels (1)
- Dynamic fracture tests (1)
- EBAM (1)
- Economic wide technology replacement (1)
- Edge quality (1)
- Eigenspannungen (1)
- Electro-thermomechnical model (1)
- Electrode geometry (1)
- Electromagnetic (1)
- Electromagnetic backing (1)
- Electromagnetic influence (1)
- Electromagnetic rectification (1)
- Electromagnetic stirring (1)
- Electromagnetic support (1)
- Electromagnetic supported degassing (1)
- Electromagnetic weld control (1)
- Electromagnetic weld pool support system (1)
- Elektromagnetische Badstütze (1)
- Elektromagnetische Schmelzbadunterstützung (1)
- Embedded electronics (1)
- Energy density distribution (1)
- Energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy parameters of the arc (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental impact categories (1)
- Epitaxial nucleation (1)
- Equivalent stress concentration factors (1)
- Experimental determination (1)
- Experimental validation (1)
- FEM (1)
- Fair salary (1)
- Fatigue loading (1)
- Ferromagnetic steel (1)
- Ferromagnetic steels (1)
- Ferrous metals and alloys (1)
- Fibre lasers (1)
- Filler wire (1)
- Filler wire mixing (1)
- Fillet welds (1)
- Fine-grained Steel (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Finite element method (FEM) (1)
- Finite elements analysis (1)
- Flange width (1)
- Flow (1)
- Fluid flow (1)
- Flüssigmetallinduzierte Rissbildung (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fracture behaviour (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Fresnel reflection (1)
- Friction welding (1)
- Full penetration laser welding (1)
- Full penetration welding (1)
- Functional-analytical solution (1)
- Fusion zone (1)
- Fusion zone profile (1)
- Fusion zone, nickel alloys (1)
- GMA surfacing (1)
- GMA-laser hybrid welding (1)
- GMAW (1)
- GTAW (1)
- Galvanized steel (1)
- Gap bridging (1)
- Gap compensation (1)
- Gaps (1)
- Gas-shielded arc welding (1)
- General analytical solutions (1)
- Gleeble experiments (1)
- Gleeble testing (1)
- Global optimisation (1)
- Grade S960QL steel (1)
- Grain structure (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Greens function method (1)
- HAZ crack (1)
- HSLA (1)
- Hardly separable problem (1)
- Heat Input (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heat generation (1)
- Heat input (1)
- Heat source calibration (1)
- Heat source configuration (1)
- Heat source models (1)
- Heat transfer (1)
- Heißrisse (1)
- High brightness (1)
- High power fibre laser (1)
- High power welding (1)
- High process speeds (1)
- High-Power Welding (1)
- High-power fibre laser (1)
- High-power laser beam (1)
- High-strength fine-grained steels (1)
- High-strength steel sheets (1)
- Higher manganese content (1)
- Highspeed-plasma-laser-cladding (1)
- Hochleistungsschweißen (1)
- Hohlprofilknoten (1)
- Hold time (1)
- Hot Cracks (1)
- Human health (1)
- Hybrid Laser Arc Welding (1)
- Hybrid Laser arc Welding (1)
- Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding (1)
- Hybridschweißen (1)
- Hydrostatic force compensation (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Impact Absorbed Energy (1)
- Impact absorbed energy (1)
- In situ strain (1)
- In-situ synchrotron diffraction (1)
- Inconel 625 (1)
- Inconel 939 (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Industrial parts (1)
- Instumented indentation test (1)
- Integrated alignment features (1)
- Inverse heat conduction problem (1)
- Inverse modelling (1)
- Joint-site structure (1)
- Kaltzähe Stähle (1)
- Kerbspannungskonzept (1)
- Keyhole collapse (1)
- Keyhole mode welding (1)
- Keyhole stability (1)
- Kl (1)
- Körperschall (1)
- LMD (1)
- LME (1)
- Lamé curves (1)
- Lamé curves approximation (1)
- Laser Beam Welding (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (1)
- Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (1)
- Laser Welding (1)
- Laser arc-hybrid welding (1)
- Laser beam Welding (1)
- Laser cutting (1)
- Laser implantation (1)
- Laser melting (1)
- Laser metal fusion (1)
- Laser powder bed fusion (1)
- Laser powder cladding (1)
- Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (1)
- Laser surfacing (1)
- Laser-MSG-Hybridschweißen (1)
- Laser-Pulver-Auftragsschweißen (1)
- Laser-metal-deposition (1)
- Laserschweißen (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) (1)
- Life-cycle assessment (1)
- Lifetime (1)
- Lightweight design (1)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) (1)
- Local fatigue spproaches (1)
- Local reduced pressure (1)
- Lokale Effekte (1)
- Lokale Festigkeit (1)
- Lokale Spannungs-Dehnungskurven (1)
- Low alloy steels (1)
- Low feed rates (1)
- Low heat input GMA welding (1)
- Low heat input Gma welding (1)
- Low transformation temperature (LTT) alloy (1)
- Low transformation temperature filler material (1)
- Lötrissigkeit (1)
- MHD (1)
- MIG welding (1)
- MRO (1)
- MSG-Schweißen (1)
- Magnesium Alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloy (1)
- Magnetfelder (1)
- Magnetic bath support (1)
- Maritime industry (1)
- Martensitbildung (1)
- Martensite kinetic (1)
- Martensite start temperature (1)
- Martensite transformation (1)
- Martensitic transformation (1)
- Matching ferritic filler metal (1)
- Material modeling (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical properties of the joints (1)
- Mechanical property (1)
- Mechanical strength (1)
- Mechanical-technological properties (1)
- Mesh analysis (1)
- Metallic vapour plume (1)
- Metallurgische Fragen (1)
- Microcracking (1)
- Microstructure Tensile strength (1)
- Misalignment of edges (1)
- Mobile vacuum (1)
- Model calibration (1)
- Model order reduction (1)
- Model prediction (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modeling of fluid flow (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modified varestraint transvarestraint (MVT) hot cracking test (1)
- Molten pool dynamics (1)
- Monitoring systems (1)
- Multi-materials joining (1)
- Multi-pass welding (1)
- Multi-physical modeling (1)
- Multi-regional inputeoutput data (1)
- Multiple reflections (1)
- Multirun welding (1)
- Narrow gap welding (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- Ni-based austenitic filler metal (1)
- Ni-based austenitic welding electrode (1)
- Ni-based superalloy (1)
- NiCrBSi (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Normen (1)
- Novel metrology (1)
- Novel optical measurement (1)
- Numerical Simulation (1)
- Numerical analysis (1)
- Numerical approach (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- Numerical welding simulations (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- Open science (1)
- Open source (1)
- Optical measurement (1)
- Optical measurment technique (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Ortsaufgelöst (1)
- Oscillating magnetic field (1)
- Oscillating vapor plume (1)
- PBF-LB/M (1)
- Particles (1)
- Path planning (1)
- Periodic solidification pattern (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Pin profile (1)
- Pipe Welding (1)
- Pipe laying (1)
- Pipe weld preparation (1)
- Pipe welding (1)
- Pipeline steel of grade X120 (1)
- Plane crystalization (1)
- Plasma cutting (1)
- Plasma-cut samples (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Plume (1)
- Plume heating (1)
- Poren (1)
- Pores (1)
- Porosity reduction (1)
- Position welding (1)
- Post-welding heat treatment (1)
- Precipitation hardening aluminum alloys (1)
- Prior austenite grain size (1)
- Process chain (1)
- Process combinations (1)
- Process innovations (1)
- Process monitoring and control (1)
- Process procedures (1)
- Process stability (1)
- Proper generalized decomposition (1)
- Prozesskombinationen (1)
- Prozessüberwachung (1)
- Pufferschichten (1)
- Pulsed laser beam welding (1)
- Punktschweißkleben (1)
- Quality monitoring (1)
- Qualität (1)
- RSW (1)
- Ray teacing (1)
- Ray-tracing methods (1)
- Reference lists (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) (1)
- Resistance pressure welding (1)
- Resource efficiency (1)
- Retained austenite (1)
- Rissanfälligkeit (1)
- Robots (1)
- SEM (1)
- SMAW (1)
- Schutzgas (1)
- Schweißnahtgeometrie (1)
- Schweißnahtimperfektionen (1)
- Schweißunregelmäßigkeiten (1)
- Secondary heat source (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (1)
- Selektive-laser-melting (1)
- Sensitivitätsanalyse (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Shear strength (1)
- Sheet (1)
- Shielding atmosphere (1)
- Ship building (1)
- Shipbuilding steel (1)
- Shrinkage (1)
- Similar and dissimilar material spot weld (1)
- Simufact.welding (1)
- Single-pass welding (1)
- Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) (1)
- Software (1)
- Spannungs-Dehnungskurve (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Stainless austenitic and duplex steels (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Standards (1)
- Steady-state weld pool (1)
- Steel and Al (1)
- Steels (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stochastic search method (1)
- Strain field (1)
- Strain fields prediction (1)
- Strain measurement (1)
- Strain rate (1)
- Strain rates (1)
- Strain-rate (1)
- Stress-strain behavior (1)
- Structural stress approach (1)
- Super martensitic filler material (1)
- Superalloy (1)
- Surface cracks (1)
- Surface roughness (1)
- Surface structuring (1)
- Sustainability assessment (1)
- System technology (1)
- TIG welding (1)
- TRIP - transformation induced plasticity (1)
- Tack welding (1)
- Tandem gas metal arc welding (1)
- Tandem welding (1)
- Tear tests (1)
- Technical crack detection (1)
- Temperature distribution (1)
- Temperature field generation (1)
- Tensile Strength (1)
- Tensile properties (1)
- Tensile resistance spot welding experiment (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tensileshear (1)
- Testing method (1)
- Texture (1)
- Thermal energy generation (1)
- Thermal softening (1)
- Thermo physical simulation (1)
- Thermo-fluid dynamics (1)
- Thermography (1)
- Thermomechanical material properties (1)
- Thermophysical material properties (1)
- Thick materials (1)
- Thick plate (1)
- Thick plate welding (1)
- Thick plates (1)
- Thick steel plates (1)
- Thick walled parts (1)
- Thick-Walled Steel (1)
- Thick-plate welding (1)
- Thick-walled Structures (1)
- Thin steel plates (1)
- Three-dimensional crystallization (1)
- Ti3Al2.5V (1)
- Tick plates (1)
- Time-to-solution (1)
- Tool torque (1)
- Torsion (1)
- Toughness (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) (1)
- Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) (1)
- Transient heat transfer (1)
- Traverse force (1)
- Tube welding (1)
- Tubular joints (1)
- Tungsten carbide (1)
- Turbine blade (1)
- Turbine components (1)
- Two-dimensional solidification (1)
- Two-run welding technique (1)
- Ultrasonic C-scan image (1)
- Ultrasonic field (1)
- Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (1)
- Ultrasonic vibration (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Unalloyed steels (1)
- Unterpulverschweißen (1)
- V groove (1)
- V-notch impact toughness (1)
- Vakuum (1)
- Vapor recondensation (1)
- Vaporization (1)
- Vehicle bodies (1)
- Vehicle construction (1)
- Viscoplasticity (1)
- Volume heat source (1)
- Volumetric heat source (1)
- Wear resistance (1)
- Weld end crater (1)
- Weld imperfections (1)
- Weld metal (1)
- Weld microstructure (1)
- Weld plan modification (1)
- Weld pool (1)
- Weld pool behavior (1)
- Weld pool modeling (1)
- Weld pool stabilization (1)
- Weld pool support (1)
- Weld root (1)
- Weld seam geometry (1)
- Weldbonded joints (1)
- Weldbonding (1)
- Welding Current (1)
- Welding Simulation (1)
- Welding parameter (1)
- Welding process simulation (1)
- Welding residual stress (1)
- Welding residual stresses (1)
- Welding thermal cycle (1)
- Weldx (1)
- Werkstoffranking (1)
- Windkraftanlagen (1)
- Wineglass shape (1)
- Wire electron beam additive manufacturing (1)
- Wire feed laser beam welding (1)
- Wire-based additive manufacturing (1)
- Work-flow (1)
- Wärmequellenkonfiguration (1)
- X-ray computer tomography (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc coated steel (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zinkbeschichtung (1)
- cryogenic steel (1)
- digital image correlation (1)
- dual phase steel (1)
- hardness (1)
- hochfeste Stähle (1)
- local effects (1)
- microstructure (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- sensitivity analysis (1)
- strength (1)
- tensile strength (1)
- vacuum (1)
- welding residual stresses (1)
- Äquivalente Spannungskonzentrationsfaktoren (1)
- Ökobilanz (1)
- Ökonomische und ökologische Vorteile (1)
- ГИДРОДИНАМИКА (1)
- КОНВЕКЦИЯ (1)
- ЛАЗЕРНАЯ СВАРКА (1)
- МЕТОД КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ (1)
- СВАРОЧНАЯ ВАННА (1)
- ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЕ ПОЛЕ (1)
- ТЕПЛОПРОВОДНОСТЬ (1)
- ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (143)
- 9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren (140)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (2)
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (2)
- 9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (2)
- 5.5 Materialmodellierung (1)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (1)
- 7.7 Modellierung und Simulation (1)
- 9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten (1)
Fusion welding processes are widely used for joining metal structures, such as pipes, ships, and cars. In general, these joining processes offer a very good compromise between reliability, safety, cost and maintenance which are important issues in the current economical context. The negative heat effects of welding, i.e. distortions and residual stresses of the welded parts, are well known and many researches in this field have already been done in the last decades in order to minimize them. On the experimental side, many sophisticated procedures have become state of the art to deal with this problem. On the computational side, the improvement of the simulation algorithms and the computing power enables the simulations of many physical phenomena occurring during the welding process. The implementation of welding simulation techniques is nevertheless not an easy task and often associated with expert knowledge which hinders their global application in an industrial environment. This paper is focused on the industrial requirements of a welding simulation software with special respect to the needs of the automotive industry. The necessary information to run a welding simulation and the expectations of a weld specialist without deep knowledge in numerical methods are investigated. These expectations are tested on an automotive welded assembly with a commercially available welding simulation software designed especially for the needs of the automotive industry. A welding experiment is done and the measured temperature distributions and distortions serve as reference to validate the simulation results. The result quality of the simulations of temperature fields and distortions is in best agreement with experimental data. The workflow is well adapted for the considered industrial requirements and the time-tosolution as well as the computational costs are acceptable, whereas the efficient calibration of the heat input model is still a point which will be further investigated in current and future research works.
Fast temperature field generation for welding simulation and reduction of experimental effort
(2011)
The quality of welding processes is governed by the occurring induced distortions yielding an increase in production costs due to necessary reworking. Especially for more complex specimens, it is difficult to evaluate the optimal configuration of welding sequences in order to minimize the distortion. Even experienced welding operators can solve this task only by trial and error which is time and cost consuming. In modern engineering the application of welding simulation is already known to be able to analyse the heat effects of welding virtually. However, the welding process is governed by complex physical interactions. Thus, recent weld thermal models are based on many simplifications. The state of the art is to apply numerical methods in order to solve the transient heat conduction equation. Therefore, it is not possible to use the real process parameters as input for the mathematical model. The model parameters which allow calculating a temperature field that is in best agreement with the experiments cannot be defined directly but inversely by multiple simulations runs. In case of numerical simulation software based on finite discretization schemes this approach is very time consuming and requires expert users. The weld thermal model contains an initial weakness which has to be adapted by finding an optimal set of model parameters. This process of calibration is often done against few experiments. The range of model validity is limited. An extension can be obtained by performing a calibration against multiple experiments. The focus of the paper is to show a combined modelling technique which provides an efficient solution of the inverse heat conduction problem mentioned above. On the one hand the inverse problem is solved by application of fast weld thermal models which are closed form solutions of the heat conduction equation. In addition, a global optimization algorithm allows an automated calibration of the weld thermal model. This technique is able to provide a temperature field automatically that fits the experimental one with high accuracy within minutes on ordinary office computers. This fast paradigm permits confirming the application of welding simulation in an industrial environment as automotive industry. On the other hand, the initial model weakness is compensated by calibrating the model against multiple experiments. The unknown relationship between model and process parameters is approximated by a neural network. The validity of the model is increased successively and enables to decrease experimental effort, For a test case, it is shown that this approach yields accurate temperature fields within very short amount of time for unknown process parameters as input data to the model contributing to the requirement to construct a substitute system of the real welding process.
Energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction offers the possibility for measurement and evaluation of diffraction spectra containing information of various diffraction lines of all contributing crystalline phases of a material. Combined strain imaging and diffraction analysis was conducted during the tensile test of a low alloyed transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel in order to investigate the transformation induced plasticity, strain hardening, and load partitioning effects. Optical strain imaging allowed for determination of localized true strains from three-dimensional deformations measured in situ. High-energy synchrotron radiation has permitted diffraction analysis in transmission mode to gather information from the material interior. Phase-specific stress evolution during loading could be observed applying the sin2ψ technique during certain load steps. The strains of the individual lattice planes were determined in different locations under varying angles between loading and perpendicular direction. Using energy-dispersive methods it was also possible to determine the transformation behaviour during elastic and plastic regime taking into account a large number of diffraction lines. The results show that the approach practised here enables one to pull together macroscopic and phase-specific microscopic material behaviour in order to improve existing models for prediction of complex load situations.
Kornfeinung im Schweißgut kann die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schweißnaht und die Schweißeignung des Grundwerkstoffs deutlich verbessern. Eine Möglichkeit korngefeintes Schweißgut zu erreichen, ist das Versetzen des Schmelzbades mit kornfeinenden Mitteln. In dieser Studie wird gezeigt wie Titan- und Borzusätze Korngröße und -struktur von WIG-Schweißnähten der Al-Legierung 5083 (Al Mg4,5Mn0,7) beeinflussen. Dazu wurden in einem Gießprozess stäbchenförmige Einlagen hergestellt, die aus Grundwerkstoff und definierten Zusätzen der Kornfeinungslegierung Al Ti5B1 bestanden. Sie wurden als Ersatz für einen Schweißzusatzwerkstoff in einer Nut im Grundwerkstoff untergebracht und im WIG-Verfahren überschweißt. Durch die Steigerung des Titan- und Borgehalts im Schweißgut konnte dessen mittlere Korngröße deutlich verringert werden. Außerdem wurde eine Änderung der Kornstruktur beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse können als Grundlage genutzt werden, um die empfohlene chemische Zusammensetzung von Schweißzusätzen für Lichtbogenschweißen von Aluminium anzupassen.
A three-dimensional laminar steady-state numerical model was developed to investigate the influence of an alternating current (ac) magnetic field during high-power full-penetration laser welding on the weld pool dynamics and weld cross section of a 20 mm thick aluminium plate in flat position. Three-dimensional heat transfer, fluid dynamics including phase transition and electromagnetic field partial differential equations were solved iteratively with the commercial finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics using temperature-dependent material properties up to evaporation temperature. Thermocapillary convection at the weld pool surfaces, natural convection and latent heat of solid–liquid phase transition were taken into account in this model. Solidification was modelled by the Carman–Kozeny equation for porous media morphology. The ac magnet was mounted on the root side of the weld specimen. The magnetic field was aligned perpendicular to the welding direction. The flow pattern in the melt and thus also the temperature distribution were significantly changed by the application of oscillating magnetic fields. It was shown that the application of an ac magnetic field to laser beam welding allows for a prevention of the gravity drop-out. The simulation results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
For spot-welded joints, the resistance to
mechanical stress depends on the local strength properties
and gradients in the weld area. The commonly used
methods for investigating the stress–strain behaviour across
the weld area are connected with a high level of sample
preparation and with considerable limitations in local resolution.
A promising method for determining locally
resolved stress–strain curves is the instrumented indentation
test in connection with the method of representative
stress and strain (RS) and the method of artificial neural
networks (NNs). The stress–strain properties of the weld
nugget and the base metal determined by these two methods
are compared and discussed, additionally in relation to
the stress–strain curves obtained from the tensile test. The
measured Vickers hardness across the weld area is compared
with the evaluated local stress–strain properties.
Three steels used in automobile manufacturing are investigated:
mild steel DC04 and two advanced high-strength
steels (TRIP steel HCT690T and martensitic steel HDT
1200M). The results of the two methods (RS and NN) show
good correspondence for the base metal area but some
significant differences for the weld nugget. Comparing the
data across the weld area, no evidence of the presence of
residual stress (which would influence the results) was
found.
The results of an in-situ plume-laser interaction measurement during welding of mild steel with a 5 kW ytterbium fiber laser are reported. A measurement of the attenuation of probe laser beam passing through the plume has allowed to estimate the plume characteristics like the size of the extinction area and the spatial distribution of the extinction coefficient. The power loss of the fiber laser radiation propagating through the whole plume length was calculated. Together with a measured temporal characteristics of extinction the result indicates a significant decreasing of the laser radiation stability, which can lead to the formation of the macroscopic welding defects.
The residual stresses in narrow electron or laser beam welds with high stress gradients are decreased without any contact surfaces or additional equipment by applying the welding beam after welding in a defocused mode for heating the material regions in a certain distance from the weld on both sides. In case of electron beam application, the beam is positioned and focused by the electromagnetic coil with high frequency. In case of laser beam application a laser scanner optics enables fast positioning by an optomechanic beam deflection, while defocusing of the laser beam is obtained by increasing the distance between scanner optics and workpiece. Dependent on the component geometry and on the beam power different process parameters are used. The adjustable process parameters are the radius and the power of the defocused beam and the transversal and longitudinal distances between the welding and the defocused beam. The mechanism and the influence of the process parameters are investigated by FEM-simulation and a number of experiments on a ferritic steel S355J2+N with 5 mm thickness. FEM-simulation is used to reduce the matrix of process parameters for the experiments. The best experimental result shows a stress reduction of about 70%.