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Organisationseinheit der BAM
In this study 50 construction products were tested in emission test chambers according to the requirements of the AgBB-scheme: 7 acrylic and 6 silicone sealants, 6 paste-like synthetic resin plasters, 13 wood based products, 4 adhesives, 5 lacquers, 6 wall paints and 3 further construction products. VOC and odour emissions were tested on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, and 28th day. In addition to the VOC-measurements, a test procedure was developed to evaluate odour emission of construction products.This test is planned to be implemented into the AgBB-Scheme. A direct evaluation by a sensory panel in the emission test chamber was not possible. So the odour samples were collected in 300- litre tedlar bags which were evaluated later. Odour intensity of the samples was compared with different acetone concentrations. Within this study an interlaboratory comparison was conducted using the newly developed odour test method. Additionally, VVOC emissions, detection of carcinogenic compounds, repeatability of emission test chamber tests, and other issues are presented. This project has shown that construction products can be evaluated in accordance with the AgBB scheme. A sensory evaluation is intended to be introduced in the AgBB scheme. A method for this evaluation is described in this study. The test procedure should be enhanced and validated for practical utilisation.
Messung der empfundenen Geruchsintensität mit Multigas-Sensorsystemen, das Forschungsvorhaben SysPAQ
(2007)
Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by a Sensor System, the European Project SysPAQ
(2008)
Emissionen aus Bauprodukten beeinträchtigen die Qualität der Innenraumluft erheblich. Mit Hilfe des AgBB-Schemas werden die Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VOC) aus Bauprodukten bewertet. Die gesundheitliche Bewertung nach dem AgBB-Schema erfordert produktspezifische Messverfahren.
Diese gibt es mittlerweile für eine Reihe von Produkten. Sie wurden durch Beteiligung verschiedener Forschungseinrichtungen und Messinstitute validiert und u. a. in die Vergabekriterien des Umweltzeichens Blauer Engel übernommen. Die Bewertung ist allerdings mit zumeist niedrigeren Grenzwerten strenger. VOC-Emissionen und Gerüche können beide zu gesundheitlichen Belastungen führen. So ist die sensorische Prüfung ein weiteres wichtiges Element bei der Bewertung von Bauprodukten und vorsorglich auch im AgBB-Schema verankert.
Hauptziel des Projektes ist es, eine Methode der sensorischen Bewertung und Grenzen für die Vergabe des Blauen Engels und für das AgBB-Schema abzuleiten. Auf Grundlage der durchgeführten Untersuchungen (siehe Kapitel 5 Ergebnisse und Diskussion) wird als Bewertungsmethode die empfundene Intensität und die Hedonik vorgeschlagen. Die Ableitung der Grenzwerte für die sensorische Bewertung am 28. Tag erfolgt über die zusätzliche Befragung der Probanden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie nach der Zumutbarkeit einer Probe.
Für den Blauen Engel könnte es je Produktgruppe unterschiedliche Grenzen der empfundenen Intensität und der Hedonik geben. Ein erster Vorschlag für mögliche Grenzen, hier zunächst einheitlich für alle
Produktgruppen, ist für die empfundene Intensität 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi als Sicherheit, Kapitel 5.1.5) und für die Hedonik -1 (0 +/-0,8, gerundet auf -1) (siehe dazu Abbildung 6-2).
Emissions from building products can considerably impair the quality of indoor air. The AgBB scheme is employed to evaluate the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from building products. The hygienic evaluation according to the AgBB scheme requires product-specific measuring procedures.
These are available for a range of products. They have been validated in co-operation with several research and testing institutes and have been included in the criteria for awarding the Blue Angel ecolabel.
The evaluation is, however, stricter and generally has lower limits. VOC emissions and odours can cause health problems so testing using sensors is an important element in the evaluation of building products and has – for reasons of precaution – been set down in the AgBB scheme. The main goal of the project was to derive a method of evaluation using sensors and limits for awarding the Blue Angel and for the AgBB scheme. Based on the research conducted (see Chapter 5 Results and Discussion), perceived intensity and hedonics were suggested as a suitable Evaluation method. The derivation of limits for the evaluation using sensors on the 28th day was effected in the present study through the additional questioning of the test subjects on the reasonability of a sample.
For the Blue Angel, there could be different limits of perceived intensity and hedonics for each group of products. A preliminary suggestion for possible limits – for all product groups – is a perceived intensity of 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi as confidence coefficient, Chapter 5.1.5) and -1 (0+/-0.8, rounded to -1) for the hedonic value.
VOC emissions from building materials accompanying sensory tests for different evaluation schemes
(2011)
Within a follow up project of a former study (Horn et al. 2005) emissions and odor from different types of construction products were investigated (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 37 07 62 300).
The tested materials were mainly those used for construction of floors indoors. For this type of materials in Germany several labeling procedures exist which are based on Emission chamber testing. Two important labeling procedures in Germany are based on the AgBBevaluation scheme (Däumling et al. 2005). For some applications (flooring material) it is the mandatory Ü-mark of DIBt (German Institute for Construction Technology). Furthermore for carpets, adhesives and many other products, like sealants, mattresses, furniture and so on the voluntary blue angel mark exist. Within this scheme the volatile organic compounds (VOC) compounds are measured with well established procedures and are evaluated with LCI-values which were derived from health information.
Beyond that many complaints according to building products are caused by odors. Therefore an evaluation procedure for the odor is very important and should be implemented into all of the mentioned labeling schemes.
Indoor air pollutants influence the health and comfort of building occupants and consequently the energy consumption of the building. The pollutants are emitted by various sources.
Among these sources, building products are of particular importance. To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany also mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. This procedure is based on the assessment scheine of the Committee for Health-related
Evaluation of Building Products (AgBBScheme). The sensory-limit settings for building-material label Blue Angel offer consumer to differ not only low-emission but also low-odour Building materials from another building materials.
Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen.