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- 2017 (3) (entfernen)
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Phototransformation of the “emerging” BFR 1,3,5-Tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione
(2017)
The occurrence and fate of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the environment are topics of increasing concern. In recent years, numerous studies about their global transport, UV degradation, bioaccumulation and toxicity were performed to assess their environmental fate. As a result, most of the first generation BFRs are banned or restricted, and replaced by new ones. However, based on similar properties these new compounds may also pose a serious risk by causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) the class of the “emerging” BFRs are defined as compounds that have been identified in any environmental compartments, but the potential for degradation or bioaccumulation of these emerging BFRs is partially unknown.
A representative of this class of compounds is the heterocyclic TDBP-TAZTO which was first detected in mollusks from Chinese bohai sea and in environmental matrices near a manufacturing plant in southern china. Furthermore, Wang et al. describe that the growth of the alga Nannochloropsis sp. is inhibited by TDBP-TAZTO in a concentration dependent manner but the photo-chemical behavior as well as the formation of possible photo-transformation products (PTPs) are still unknown. In order to clarify this complex issue photo-degradation experiments were by determining the rate constants and degradation half-life times of TDBP-TAZTO in different solvent compositions. In this study, the photodegradation of TDBP-TAZTO was performed for the first time to identify its photolysis products and to get a first understanding about the main degradation pathway in environmental matrices.
The occurrence and fate of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the environment are topics of increasing concern. In recent years, numerous studies about their global transport, UV degradation, bioaccumulation and toxicity were performed to assess their environmental fate. Thus, most of the first generation BFRs are banned or restricted, and replaced by new ones. However, based on similar properties these new compounds may also pose a serious risk by causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) the class of the “emerging” BFRs are defined as compounds that have been identified in any environmental compartments, but the potential for degradation or bioaccumulation of these emerging BFRs is partially unknown.
A representative of this class of compounds is the heterocyclic hexabrominated TDBP-TAZTO which was first detected in mollusks from Chinese bohai sea and in environmental matrices near a manufacturing plant in southern china. Furthermore, Wang et al. describe that the growth of the alga Nannochloropsis sp. is inhibited by TDBP-TAZTO in a concentration dependent manner but the photo-chemical behavior as well as the formation of possible photo-transformation products (PTPs) are still unknown. In order to clarify this complex issue photo-degradation experiments were by determining the rate constants and degradation half-life times of TDBP-TAZTO in different solvent compositions. In this study, the photodegradation of TDBP-TAZTO was performed for the first time to identify its photolysis products and to get a first understanding about the main degradation pathway in environmental matrices.
Development of analytical method and certified reference material for zearalenone in edible oils
(2017)
Quality and safety of food products require their reliable analysis. Contaminants, in particular mycotoxins, are key-components for food safety. About 25 % of the world's food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins posing a severe health risk to humans. In order to strengthen food safety and consumer protection the European Commission (EC) set maximum levels for priority mycotoxins in certain foods for human consumption. In 2013, the EC and CEN (European Committee for Standardization) started an initiative to standardize analytical methods for mycotoxins in food which gained increasing relevance, e.g. zearalenone (ZEN).[1] ZEN, an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, contaminates cereal crops worldwide. Due to its lipophilic nature ZEN is often found in edible oils (particularly in maize germ oils) derived from contaminated plants. Therefore, an European maximum level of 400 µg/kg is currently in force.[2] To perform reliable food analysis a sustainable metrological infrastructure is of major importance enabling the quantification of priority mycotoxins (here: ZEN). To achieve this goal an integrated approach is needed targeted at the development of validated analytical methods and certified reference materials (CRM).
A highly selective method for ZEN in edible oils will be presented, based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using hydrazine-functionalized particles. This method was developed for manual application using commercial SPE cartridges as well as for automated SPE-HPLC online coupling. While ZEN is covalently coupled to the solid phase by means of a hydrazone bond, undesired matrix components can be removed very efficiently. Finally, ZEN is decoupled from the solid phase, leading to highly purified extracts which are measured by HPLC-FLD.
The development of the first European Reference Material (ERM®) for ZEN in maize germ oil (ERM®-BC715) will be presented and discussed. This ERM®-project underpins the urgent need for mycotoxin-CRMs to support food safety and public health.
[1] European Commission (EC) Mandate M/520 (2013) for standardisation addressed to CEN for methods of analysis for mycotoxins in food. [2] Commission Regulation (EC) No 1126/2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards Fusarium toxins in maize and maize products.