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Amuay refinery disaster (2012) is another recent example of Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) and fire accidents preceded by Buncefield (2005), Puerto-Rico (2009) and Jaipur (2009), respectively [9]. The incident has left many safety issues behind which must be repeatedly addressed. Unfortunately, the lessons taught by previous similar events are just not understood carefully. It reveals that the proper safety measures for such facilities were either underestimated or were not accounted seriously. Consequently, the resulting overpressures from explosion and the subsequent thermal radiation from tank fires have once again proved to be disastrous to both mankind and infrastructure. This article highlights the aftermaths of Amuay incident and addresses the challenges put forward by it. Furthermore, a comparative study is performed between such incidents to analyze the similarities and how they could have been avoided.
The explosion and fire incidents with buried gas pipelines are increasing globally e.g. San Bruno (USA, 2010), East Godavari (India, 2014) and Ludwigshafen (Germany, 2014) are only a few to quote. There are a number of parameters involved behind the occurrence of these incidents such as human mistake, intended efforts leading to major or minor leak, explosion due to depressurization, crater formation, spill of gaseous fuel in the nearby regions and pool/jet/crater fires. In continuation to [3] these parameters are investigated for Ludwigshafen incident in the present work. The semi-empirical and advanced CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based models are utilized to assess the damages caused by the explosion overpressures. Recommendations are also provided on minimum safety distance to be considered for such pipelines to avoid/foresee/mitigate similar hazards in future.
The explosion and fire incidents with buried gas pipelines are increasing globally e.g. San Bruno (USA, 2010), East Godavari (India, 2014) and Ludwigshafen (Germany, 2014) are only a few to quote. There are a number of parameters involved behind the occurrence of these incidents such as human mistake, intended efforts leading to major or minor leak, ex-plosion due to depressurization, crater formation, spill of gaseous fuel in the nearby regions and pool/jet/crater fires. In continuation to [3] these parameters are investigated for Ludwigs-hafen incident in the present work. The semi-empirical and advanced CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based models are utilized to assess the damages caused by the explosion overpressures. Recommendations are also provided on minimum safety distance to be consid-ered for such pipelines to avoid/foresee/mitigate similar hazards in future.