Filtern
Dokumenttyp
Schlagworte
- Cellulose (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Aging (1)
- Al-27 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Al13 polycations (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Alumo-sol (1)
- Carbonyl groups (1)
- Differential thermal analysis (1)
The cellulose model compound methyl 4-O-methyl-?-Image-glucopyranosyl-(1?4)-?-Image-glucopyranoside (6) was synthesised in high overall yield from methyl ?-Image-cellobioside. The compound was crystallised from methanol to give colourless prisms, and the crystal structure was determined. The monoclinic space group is P21 with Z=2 and unit cell parameters a=6.6060 (13), b=14.074 (3), c=9.3180 (19) Å, ?=108.95(3)°. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=0.0286 for 2528 reflections. Both glucopyranoses occur in the 4C1 chair conformation with endocyclic bond angles in the range of standard values. The relative orientation of both units described by the interglycosidic torsional angles [? (O-5?---C-1?---O-4---C-4) -89.1°, phi (C-1?---O-4---C-4---C-5) -152.0°] is responsible for the very flat shape of the molecule and is similar to those found in other cellodextrins. Different rotamers at the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group for both units are present. The hydroxymethyl group of the terminal glucose moiety displays a gauchetrans orientation, whereas the side chain of the reducing unit occurs in a gauchegauche conformation. The solid state 13C NMR spectrum of compound 6 exhibits all 14 carbon resonances. By using different cross polarisation times, the resonances of the two methyl groups and C-6 carbons can easily be distinguished. Distinct differences of the C-1 and C-4 chemical shifts in the solid and liquid states are found.
A new method of preparing concentrated alumo-sols, the hydrolysis of Al-tri-sec-butylate in acidic aqueous media at 85°C, was studied in detail by varying the H2O/Al- and NO3 -/Al-ratios in wide ranges. The components of the sols were characterized by 27Al NMR spectroscopy. The pH-value depends on both the chosen H2O/Al- and NO3 -/Al-ratio and on the aging time of the sols and reflects the composition of the sols. Al13 polycations were detected in sols with a pH-value between 3.0 and 3.7. As a new result its presence was shown by NMR below 3.4. The Al13 content of the sols increased with pH and the maximum fraction of Al13 polycations was detected in the sol with the highest pH (3.7). Nearly 65% of the entire aluminium content of this solution is bound in the Al13 polycations. Hence, a new synthetic method for the preparation of Al13 ions containing sols was developed.
Aging studies of the sols showed, that the Al13 polycations were more stable in solutions with higher pH-value. Al13 polycations were detected after an aging time of four months only in sols with a pH-value of 3.7. Tempering the aged sols at 40° to 80°C caused formation of Al13 and also of Al30 polycations.
Aluminas resulting from sols prepared via a modified Yoldas procedure were studied with differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential thermal gravimetrie (DTG), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) concerning their thermal properties, aluminum speciation and phase content.
Hydrolysis of aluminum-sec-butoxide in aluminum nitrate solutions allowed to prepare stable sols with varying NO3-/Al molar ratios, solids contents and pH values. Resulting sols contained different aluminum species including also Al13 polycations. Sol preparation conditions also determined aluminum speciation in solid products obtained after thermal treatments of gels obtained from these sols. Al13 polycations and AlO5 species were found to play an important role for thermally induced transformation from amorphous products via eta-Al2O3 to alpha-Al2O3. Intermediately formed eta-Al2O3 promotes the phase transformation to alpha-Al2O3.
Influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on alumina sols prepared by a modified Yoldas procedure
(2008)
Al13 polycations containing alumina sols, prepared by a modified Yoldas procedure were mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Although Al speciation in freshly prepared sols was not affected by PVP addition the decay rate of Al13 polycations was slightly decreased in PVP-containing sols. PVP does not show any influence on particle size and particle growth. The influence of PVP addition on viscosity and flow behavior of modified Yoldas sols depends on their solids content and NO3-/Al molar ratio.
NMR und Biomaterialien - Was kann man über plasmagespritzte Apatitschichten und Cellulose lernen?
(2002)
Methyl 4-O-methyl-?-Image-ribo-hex-3-ulopyranoside (2), a model compound for partially oxidized anhydroglucose units in cellulose, was crystallized from CHCl3/n-hexane by vapor diffusion to give colorless plates. Crystal structure determination revealed the monoclinic space group P21 with Z=2C8H14O6 and unit cell parameters of a=8.404(2), b=4.5716(10), c=13.916(3) Å, and ?=107.467(4)°. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=0.0476 for 1655 reflections and 135 parameters. The hexulopyranoside occurs in a distorted chair conformation. Both hydroxyls are involved in hydrogen bonding and form zigzag bond chains along the b-axis. One of the two hydrogen bonds is bifurcated. The solid-state 13C NMR spectrum of 2 exhibits eight carbon resonances, with well-separated signals for the two methoxyls (1-OMe: 55.72 ppm, 4-OMe: 61.25 ppm) and a keto resonance with relatively large downfield shift (206.90 ppm). Differences in the C-4 and the methoxyls chemical shifts in the solid and liquid states were found