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In this paper, we explore the relationship between firms' approaches to open innovation and their decision to participate in Standardization alliances. Based on micro data of Dutch Companies surveyed in the Forth Community Innovation Survey we show that the importance of extemal knowledge is positively correlated with participation in Standardization. This suggests that firms aim to access the knowledge of other Companies and stakeholders in Order to increase their own knowledge base. The analysis also shows that firms cooperating with different actors are more likely to join Standardization. Due to the positive relationships with incoming knowledge spillovers and forms of Cooperation, we conclude that Standardization represents a specific form of collaborative knowledge-sharing and knowledge-creating strategy. In addition, we are able to show that absorptive capacity measured via Companies’ research intensity is promoting the involvement in Standardization. Besides the focus on knowledge and Cooperation variables, we explore the traditionally considered factors for alliances Formation and show that firm size, export activities and patent protection are positively correlated with participation in Standardization.
We examine the participation of public sector researchers in standardisation bodies. Whereas previous research emphasized on patents and publications as Outputs of research activities, we also consider standardisation in this study. The latter has not been adequately taken into account when measuring productivity, despite its contributions to technology transfer. Based on data of more than 600 researchers from the BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, we perform multivariate regression to determine the influence of researchers' activities on the participation in standardisation. We make the assumption that basic research scientist publish their results mainly in high quality scientific journals, whereas applied research scientist concentrate more in technical and industry-oriented publications and patent applications. We find a difference between basic and applied research scientists regarding their probability of participating in standardisation committees and a significant influence of career qualifications in terms academic title.