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In recent years, laser beam welding has found wide applications in many industrial fields. Solidification cracks are one of the most frequently encountered welding defects that hinder obtaining a safe weld joint. Decades of research have shown that one of the main causes of such cracks are the strain and the strain rate. Obtaining meaningful measurements of these strains has always been a major challenge for scientists, because of the specific environment of the measurement range and the many obstacles, as well as the high temperature and the plasma plume. In this study, a special experimental setup with a high-speed camera was employed to measure the strain during the welding process. The hot cracking susceptibility was investigated for 1.4301 stainless steel, and the critical strain required for solidification crack formation was locally and globally determined.
Proper predictions of the behaviour of shock absorber materials are of utmost importance in safety assessments for licensing casks for transport and storage of highly active waste. After having identified significant discrepancies between numerical results and the actual response of polyurethane foam limiters subjected to accidental scenarios, a new research project ENREA was established by BAM. A major objective is to enhance and to develop advanced material models intended to simulate limiters under impact loading. They should account for all major factors influencing the load–deformation relationship like temperature, strain rate and specific stress state. The corresponding test program, applicable plasticity models, the overall parameter identification strategy based on local and global optimization techniques as well as experimental and numerical results are presented here in particular for closed cell foams.