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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (41)
Determination of chloride content in concrete structures with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(2003)
Determination of chloride content in concrete structures with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(2005)
An important criterion for the evaluation of reinforced concrete structures is the measurement of the chloride content. This will normally be done by time consuming standard chemical methods. We propose the application of a spectroscopic technique, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which provides the advantages of a fast measurement, the potential for on-site application and the possibility to investigate a wide range of different measuring points. The surface can be scanned, or depth profiles are available from cores. Measurements can be performed directly on the sample surface and the results are available in near real time. We present LIBS results measured on concrete cores as well as on grinded and pressed material in comparison with the results of standard chemical methods. The optimum LIBS set-up and the experimental conditions to detect and measure chlorine in building materials are reported. The limits of detection were determined and calibration curves were measured.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy – A Tool for Imaging the Chemical Composition of Concrete
(2022)
One of the most common causes of damage is the ingress of harmful ions into the concrete, which can lead to deterioration processes and affect structural performance. Therefore, the increasingly aging infrastructure is regularly inspected to assess durability. Regular chemical analysis can be useful to determine the extent and evolution of ion ingress and to intervene in a timely manner. This could prove more economical than extensive repairs for major damage, particularly for critical infrastructure. In addition to already established elemental analysis techniques in civil engineering such as potentiometric titration or X-ray fluorescence analysis, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can provide further important complementary information and benefits. The possibilities of LIBS are demonstrated using the example of a drill core taken from a parking garage.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectroscopic method for the analysis of the chemical composition of sample materials. Generally, the measurement of all elements of the periodic table is possible. In particular, light elements such as H, Li, Be, S, C, O, N and halogens can be measured. Calibration with matrix-matching standards allows the quantification of element concentrations. In combination with scanner systems, the two-dimensional element distribution can be determined. Even rough surfaces can be measured by online adjustment of the laser focus. LIBS can also be used on-site with mobile systems. Hand-held systems are available for point measurements.
Common applications include the investigation of material deterioration due to the ingress of harmful ions and their interaction in porous building materials. Due to the high spatial resolution of LIBS and the consideration of the heterogeneity of concrete, the determination of precise input parameters for simulation and modelling of the remaining lifetime of a structure is possible. In addition to the identification of materials, it is also possible to assess the composition for example of hardened concrete, which involves the cement or aggregate type used. Other important fields of application are the detection of environmentally hazardous elements or the material classification for sorting heterogeneous material waste streams during dismantling. Non-contact NDT for “difficult to assess” structures as an example application through safety glass or in combination with robotics and automation are also possible.
In this work, an overview of LIBS investigations on concrete is given based on exemplary laboratory and on-site applications.
A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions for the research and construction of an analysis system for an automated, sensor-supported sorting of construction and demolition waste will be presented. This is intended to supplement or replace the previously practiced manual sorting, which harbors many risks and dangers for the staff and only enables obvious, visually detectable differences for separation. The method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is to be used in combination with hyperspectral sensors. Due to the jointly processed information (data fusion), this should lead to a significant improvement in the separation of types. In addition to the sorting of different materials (concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, glass, etc.), impurities such as SO3-containing building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.) could also be detected and separated.
The subsequent recycling and sales opportunities are examined, such as the use of recycled aggregates in concrete, the recycling of building materials containing sulphate as a gypsum substitute for the cement industry or the agglomeration of synthetic lightweight aggregates for lightweight concrete or as a substrate for green roofs. At the same time, it is investigated whether soluble components (sulfates, heavy metals, etc.) can be detected by LIBS without a wet chemical analysis and what impact the recycling materials have on the environment.
The entire value chain is examined using the example of the Berlin location in order to minimize economic / technological barriers and obstacles on a cluster level and to sustainably increase the recovery and recycling rates.
Zusammenfassung
Die Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) ist eine analytische Methode mit der die Elementverteilung auf der Oberfläche von Proben orts- und tiefenaufgelöst ermittelt werden kann. Ein intensiver, infraroter Laserstrahl wird auf die Oberfläche fokussiert. Durch die hohe Energiedichte werden einige Mikrogramm Material verdampft und ein Plasma gebildet. Bei der Ausdehnung und Abkühlung des Plasmas wird die charakteristische Fluoreszenz der verdampften Elemente abgestrahlt und mit spektroskopischen Mitteln analysiert. Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode liegt im ppm-Bereich, die typische Messgenauigkeit beträgt einige Prozent. Die Ergebnisse liegen quasi on-line vor, es ist keine Probenpräparation notwendig und die Apparatur ist vor Ort einsetzbar.
Im Artikel werden Anwendungen der LIBS zur Untersuchung von Baustoffen beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Ermittlung der Salzverteilung in Baustoffen, der Untersuchung der Betonzusammensetzung und dem Nachweis von hydrophobierten Schichten auf unterschiedlichen Baustoffen werden vorgestellt.
Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the detection of hydrophobic coatings
(2001)
Die Eignung des Verfahrens der Laser Induzierten Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) zur Kontrolle einer ausreichenden Beschichtung und zur Bestimmung der Schichtdicke von Hydrophobierungsschichten auch im Rahmen wiederholender Messungen sollte untersucht werden. Mit LIBS kann die Elementverteilung orts- und tiefenaufgelöst in oberflächennahen Bereichen quasi on-line bestimmt werden. Es ist keine Probenpräparation notwendig. Wiederholende Messungen würden das vorzeitige Erkennen beschädigter Beschichtungen ermöglichen, wodurch kostspielige Sanierungsmaßnahmen vermieden werden.