FG Angewandte Medienwissenschaften
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Von Theater bis Wissenschaft
(2024)
Mit diesem aus einem deutsch-polnischen Projekt am Institut für Journalismus und soziale Kommunikation der Universität Wrocław hervorgegangenen Band liegt der letzte Teil eines vierbändigen Handbuchs zur deutsch-polnischen Kommunikation vor. Dieser vierte Teilband umfasst 19 teils kürzere, teils längere Beiträge, teils Überblicke, teils Fallstudien, beginnend mit Beiträgen zum Theater und endend mit solchen zur Wissenschaft. Allen Texten liegt die Vorstellung zugrunde, dass eine erfolgreiche Kommunikation ohne Kenntnis der Geschichte, der Mentalität, der kulturellen Normen und Höflichkeitsformen und nicht zuletzt der jeweils spezifischen Codes des jeweiligen Gegenübers nicht glücken kann. Dementsprechend richtet sich das Werk an alle, die sich aus beruflichen oder privaten Gründen für deutsch-polnische oder polnische Themen interessieren: Adressiert sind nicht nur Fachleute und Kulturinteressierte, sondern alle, die deutsch-polnischen Spannungen und Missverständnissen auf die Spur kommen und gegenseitige deutsch-polnische Interaktionen verstehen wollen – als Basis für gelingende Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit.
What distinguishes our aesthetic experience of Middle Earth from Tarantino’s hybrid genre settings? To what extent does individual temporal orientation influence whether we prefer fast action or epic fantasy movies? Because film genres share stylistic and narrative elements, this study aimed to provide a categorization based on the features that genres share in unique ways. Furthermore, meaningful dimensions underlying these categories were investigated. Then, interrelations with individual temporal orientation were assessed. Participants completed a test of fictional film preferences, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Individual Time Span Scales. Multidimensional scaling revealed three latent dimensions: social, conflict, and narrative setting. Principal component analysis revealed seven components of fictional film preferences: fantastic, communal, action, doomed, thrilling, unconventional, and historical. The current findings suggest that mood management processes are less influential in the development of more stable genre preferences than social phenomena. Regarding individual temporal orientation, findings were in line with life history theory for individual time span orientation. Time perspective was less related to film genre preferences. Here, gender appeared to be the main influence.
All for the LOLs? Memetische Propaganda der ukrainischen Regierung im russischen Angriffskrieg
(2023)
As new AI technologies emerge, we need to assure these are in alignment with ethical values, standards and goals of individual users as well as society. Ethical implications associated with AI systems have been discussed extensively in the literature, where much theorizing about users has taken place but not enough empirical research with users has been conducted. In this explorative questionnaire study, I aimed at investigating the extent to which the MEESTAR model (e.g. Manzeschke et al. 2016) originally developed within the context of inclusive assistance systems for the elderly can be applied more generally to users’ needs. To this end, sixty-four participants were presented with different AI scenarios in which the ethical values of autonomy, safety, privacy, care, justice, participation and self-conception were either violated or not. Ratings of concern in response to violations as well as ratings of the importance assigned to these aspects show that, firstly, participation and care generally need to be considered in the development of new AI systems whilst privacy was largely disregarded by participants. Secondly, the results indicate some mismatches between ratings of concern and importance: participants assigned importance to safety, justice, autonomy and self-conception but appeared less concerned with violations of these values. This supports the notion of a growing need to strengthen digital literacy by including more information about users’ rights and about the consequences of violations in AI interaction. Finally, findings of any impact of gender, technical experience and time perspective on concern and importance ratings are discussed.
Wie lassen sich neue digitale Medien für eine moderne Wissensvermittlung an Schulen undHochschulen nutzen? Die Schließung von Bildungseinrichtungen während der Corona-Pandemie hat die Probleme bei der technischen Modernisierung der Schulen offensichtlich werden lassen. Mit der Not entsteht auch die Chance, Schulen neu zu denken – etwa durch innovative Konzepte für virtuelle Unterrichtsformate, den zielorientierten Einsatz von smarten Geräte im Präsenzunterricht und für eine Lehrkräfte-Ausbildung, die umfassend digital qualifiziert. Forscher und Praktiker stellen in diesem Band ihre Studien und Erfahrungen aus dem Bereich der Pädagogik, Medienwissenschaft und angrenzender Disziplinen zusammen, entwickeln Vorschläge für den Einsatz digitaler Medien und Techniken für zeitgemäße Bildungs- und Lehrkonzepte und präsentieren ihre Best Practices.
The increase in fake news, the growing influence on elections, increasing false reports and targeted disinformation campaigns are not least a consequence of advancing digitalisation. Information technology is needed to put a stop to these undesirable developments. With intelligent algorithms and refined data analysis, fakes must be detected more quickly in the future and their spread prevented. However, in order to meaningfully recognize and filter fakes by means of artificial intelligence, it must be possible to distinguish fakes from facts, facts from fictions, and fictions from fakes. This book therefore also asks questions about the distinctions of fake, factual and fictional. The underlying theories of truth are discussed, and practical-technical ways of differentiating truth from falsity are outlined. By considering the fictional as well as the assumption that information-technical further development can profit from humanities knowledge, the authors hope that content-related, technical and methodological challenges of the present and future can be overcome.
Starting from the term ‘alternative facts’ and its epistemological implications, three fields of discourse are brought together: that of the public rhetoric of a new political ‘Generation Fake’, that of postmodern or post-structuralist media theory, and that of fictional epistemologies as found in examples of postmodern literature and contemporary film. The aim of this is to examine the epistemological content of the new political rhetoric of the postfactual, on the one hand with regard to the theory of reality on which it is based, and on the other hand with regard to the theory of truth that it challenges.
The emergence of artificial intelligence has triggered enthusiasm and promise of boundless opportunities as much as uncertainty about its limits. The contributions to this volume explore the limits of AI, describe the necessary conditions for its functionality, reveal its attendant technical and social problems, and present some existing and potential solutions. At the same time, the contributors highlight the societal and attending economic hopes and fears, utopias and dystopias that are associated with the current and future development of artificial intelligence.
Fiction, Fake and Fact: A Set-Theoretic Modeling Together with a Discussion of Represented Worlds
(2023)
Following Aristotle, factuality, fictionality and fake are differentiated exclusively on the level of content. The concrete starting point for this is Michael Titzmann’s proposal to understand represented worlds as a set of ordered propositions. Accordingly, the necessary set-theoretical foundations are presented step by step and, on the basis of three exemplary represented worlds, a one-to-one differentiation as well as an exact definition of factuality, fictionality and fake is undertaken. Based on this, the limits of a one-to-one model can be discussed and its possible modification can be shown. Independently of this, for the classification of a represented world as factual, fictional or fake, the conception of which propositions are true in the real world is crucial, which is why, after a consideration of philosophical theories of truth, the real world is modelled as a set of sufficiently proven represented worlds. Subsequently, it is shown that it is necessary to model indeterminacy with respect to propositions, which is solved by means of the introduction of trivalence of truth values. The paper concludes with a discussion of the case-specificity and subjectivity of reality and their implications for the model presented here, showing that due to the relational approach the model remains productive even in the case of the assumption of subjective or “alternative” realities.
Fachleute warnen seit Jahren vor den potenziell verheerenden Folgen eines Blackouts, zugleich aber sind Bevölkerung, Unternehmen und Regierungen auf dieses Szenario kaum vorbereitet. Film und Fernsehen haben – gerade während der Corona-Pandemie – ihre Fähigkeit zur gedanklichen Vorwegnahme wichtiger gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen bewiesen: Spielfilme und Serien thematisieren Gefahren und Risiken häufig lange vor ihrem tatsächlichen Eintreten. Blackouts gehören seit langer Zeit genreübergreifend zum erzählerischen und inszenatorischen Standardrepertoire. Welche Inszenierungsformen wählen die filmischen Kunstformen zur Darstellung von Blackout-Szenarien? Was kann die moderne Gesellschaft von Film und Fernsehen lernen, um sich auf den bevorstehenden Blackout vorzubereiten? Und lassen sich damit die schwersten Folgen eines realen Blackouts noch verhindern? Vor dem Hintergrund wissenssoziologischer Diskurse sollen anhand ausgewählter Beispiele die Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Studie zum Zukunftswissen in Blackout-Filmen und -Serien präsentiert werden.
Occasionally, time seems to stand still. At other times, it seems to fly. To what extent do relatively stable individual differences in the perception of time as duration exist? Individual temporal orientation has been studied extensively for time perspective and chronotype, but insufficiently for individual time span orientation. Yet, there are individual differences in the sampling rate at which the environment is monitored whilst neuronal systems specifically sensitive to motion, speed and duration perception exist (Hagendorf et al., 2011). To contribute to a better understanding of individual temporal orientation, a multi-study project (n = 2.176) was conducted to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire measuring individual time span orientation: the Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS). Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggesting two specific factors of slow and fast time span orientation as components of the global factor individual time span orientation. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by comparison with personality factors, time perspective, and considerations of future consequences. Individual time span orientation was correlated with future time perspective and the consideration of future consequences: More future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as running fast. Less future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as moving slow.
Von Popkultur bis Stereotyp
(2023)
Mit diesem aus einem deutsch-polnischen Projekt am Institut für Journalismus und soziale Kommunikation der Universität Wrocław hervorgegangenen Band liegt der dritte Teil eines vierbändigen Handbuchs zur deutsch-polnischen Kommunikation vor. Dieser dritte Teilband umfasst 19 teils kürzere, teils längere Beiträge, teils Überblicke, teils Fallstudien, beginnend mit Beiträgen zur Popkultur und endend mit solchen zu Stereotypen. Allen Texten liegt die Vorstellung zugrunde, dass eine erfolgreiche Kommunikation ohne Kenntnis der Geschichte, der Mentalität, der kulturellen Normen und Höflichkeitsformen und nicht zuletzt der jeweils spezifischen Codes des jeweiligen Gegenübers nicht glücken kann. Dementsprechend richtet sich das Werk an alle, die sich aus beruflichen oder privaten Gründen für deutsch-polnische oder polnische Themen interessieren: Dies sind nicht nur Fachleute und Kulturinteressierte, sondern alle, die deutsch-polnischen Spannungen und Missverständnissen auf die Spur kommen und gegenseitige deutsch-polnische Interaktionen verstehen wollen – als Basis für gelingende Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit.
Dead phones, chaos in hospitals, looming nuclear meltdowns: For years, experts all over the world have been warning of a widespread power blackout—and the devastating consequences for society as a whole. However, just as before the Covid-19 pandemic, politicians and the public are hardly aware of the far-reaching risks: A blackout would catch us almost completely unprepared. As for other (supposedly improbable) disruptive events, disaster movies and sci-fi series have long shown what would happen if modern society were to lose its lifeblood. Denis Newiak looks into those filmic fictions for answers to pressing questions: How can we prepare ourselves for the dramatic consequences of such a crisis? And can the collapse of modernity still be stopped?