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Shadows in Dreams
(1988)
Shadows in Dreams
(1988)
Primitive Man
(1929)
An analysis of the contribution of Max Weber and the early critical theorists (eg, Erich FROMM and Max Horkheimer) to the development of empirical social psychology. Unlike rationalists, for whom rational action is axiomatic, Weber and his successors realized that social actors may be deeply ambivalent in their impulses. They were led to this realization by concern about the uncertain loyalties of contemporary social classes. Indeed, Max Weber's seminal and still-neglected research on the psychology of rural east Prussian laborers gave empirical survey research its first fateful stimulus and led to a succession of later studies by Marie Bernays, Adolf Levenstein, and others. Perhaps the most notable was a survey of the working class in Weimar Germany, 1929-1931, carried out by FROMM and Horkheimer. Results of this survey led the authors to realize that even avowed democrats may be unconsciously ambivalent about democracy, with an admixture of democratic and authoritarian tendencies. This realization led to a cycle of important studies culminating in Theodor W. Adorno's, R. N. Sanford's, Else Frenkel-Brunswick's, and Daniel J. Levinson's The Authoritarian Personality (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1950), which even its detractors agree was a major intellectual and technical milestone in the history of empirical social psychology.
Our approach to the study of personality is to provide a thorough coverage of each of the major theories and to compare and integrate the various approaches. In deciding which theories to discuss, we have chosen those that have had the most significant impact on the field and that are of greatest current importance to our understanding of personality. We have attempted to write about each theory in such a way that the coverage is at once basic and advanced. An understanding of the theories presented requires no prior knowledge of personality theory, but at the same time, we provide sufficient comprehensive coverage of most theories to support advanced study of the theory and its ramifications. / Thus each theory chapter also discusses the historical origins of the theory and the biographical background of the major theorists, covers research associated with the theory, provides a critical evaluation of the approach, deals with applications of the theory, where relevant, and compares the theory with others. Index: Preface – I. Introduction – Theory and research in personality – II. Psychodynamic theories – Psychoanalytic theory: Sigmund Freud – Ego psychology: Erik H. Erikson and Heinz Hartmann – Analytical psychology: Carl Jung – Social analytic theory: Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erich FROMM, and Harry Stack Sullivan – III. Phenomenological-humanistic theory – Phenomenological-humanistic theory: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow – IV. Behavioral and cognitive approaches – Stimulus-response learning theory: John Dollard and Neal Miller – A behavioral approach: B. F. Skinner – Cognition, personality, and behavior: George Kelly – Social learning and cognition: Information processing theory: Albert Bandura, Walter Mischel, and Julian Rotter – V. Factor and typological theories – Structure-based systems theory: Raymond Cattell – A typological theory: Hans Jurgen Eysenck – VI. Field theory – Field theory: Kurt Lewin – VII. Integration and conclusion – An overview of personality theory – Glossary – Author index – Subject index.