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Argues that religious principles--especially Puritan theology--have never ceased to be an undercurrent in American psychology and psychiatry. The Puritan doctrine of human nature, sin, and the Covenant of Grace made the individual responsible for madness as a consequence of sin and unbridled passions; hence, the >moral management< treatment of the insane in Colonial America. Humanistic psychologists (e.g., H. S. Sullivan, K. Horney, E. FROMM, C. Rogers) attributed mental disease to lack of, or only partial, integration into one's sociocultural environment: this goal could be achieved through therapy. Psychology and psychiatry became substitutes for religion, but the Puritan ability to confront the darkest aspects of the human psyche was lost.