马克思主义大众化是马克思主义>三化<的重要内容之一,是坚持和发展当代中国马克思主义——中国特色社会主义的应有之义。马克思主义大众化与大众社会性格是密切相关的。弗洛姆是西方马克思主义中一位弗洛伊德主义的马克思在主义者,他的研究虽然不可能涉及到马克思主义大众化这个命题,但他的社会性格理论却可以为我们研究马克思主义大众化这个课题提供一个新颖的分析视角。弗洛姆社会性格理论有其自身的作用机制即社会结构、大众社会性格和意识形态之间的相互作用。一定的社会性格产生于一定的社会经济结构之中。社会性格的改变产生新的心理需求,这种心理需求是意识形态有效性的基础,反之,如果某一意识形态迎合了这种社会性格,就会固化这种大众社会性格,并成为大众改造社会的力量。简而言之,社会结构、大众社会性格和意识形态之间有相互作用的关系。本文更侧重于关注意识形态的产生和传播过程与大众社会性格相互影响、相互作用过程。 运用社会性格的社会结构—大众社会性格—意识形态分析框架就可以发现,马克思主义大众化都面临着现实的挑战。首先,社会结构的转型对新时期政治结构和文化结构产生了复杂而巨大的影响,传统的马克思主义大众化运作方式、传播方式效果有限。其次,多变性、多元化和多样化的大众社会性格分散马克思主义大众化的吸引力,更无法为大众化提供社会心理、社会心态的支撑。再次,多变性、多样化和多元化的大众社会性格导致大众意识形式的庸俗化,作为社会意识代表之一的大众文化功能紊乱,官方文化、精英文化与大众文化很难对接。 在此基础上本文揭示了社会性格理论对马克思主义大众化的几点启示意义:第一,健全和落实社会主义核心价值体系以培养健康的大众社会性格,为马克思主义大众化提供社会心理、社会心态的支撑。第二,创新公民教育方法以适应马克思主义大众化传播规律,突出意识形态>传播—接受<过程中>人<的地位,从>发动和改造人民群众<走向>为人民群众的精神需求服务<。第三,完善中国特色社会主义文化体制以适应马克思主义大众化特点。第四,推进官方文化、精英文化与大众文化的良性互动以促进马克思主义大众化的全面发展。
[Chinese abstract not available] With the American psychologist Erich Fromm's humanistic ethics as a point of reference, this article analyzes >The Winter of Our Discontent< (1961), John Steinbeck's final work of fiction. This novel focuses on protagonist Ethan Allen Hawley as he succumbs to the influence of corrupt social values and thereby fails to actualize his primary potentiality for goodness. At the novel's end, however, as he is on the verge of suicide, he thinks about the innocence of his daughter, Ellen, and experiences an epiphany of light that leads to a realization of love for self and others. Overcoming his sense of alienation from the good, he embarks on a course of active freedom that will enable him to go on with his life. Steinbeck's exquisite depiction of Ethan's moral development reflects his own ethical concerns about the well-being of his beloved America. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2023]
This paper analyzes >The Winter of Our Discontent<, John Steinbeck’s last novel, from the perspective of humanistic ethics as advocated by American psychologist Erich Fromm. Affected by corrupt social values, the protagonist Ethan fails to realize his primary potentiality for goodness at first. Touched by his untainted daughter Alan, however, Ethan eventually experiences an epiphany, gradually recognizes the importance of self-love, and overcomes alienation in his realization of active freedom. By tracking Ethan’s moral development, Steinbeck gives voice to his own ethical concerns. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023]