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본 논문에서는 여성의 자아구조에 대한 접근을 여성의 심리 내지 성격에 대한 접근으로 시도되었다. 여성의 자아구조를 논의함에 있어서 프로이트를 위시하여 융, 아들러와 같은 정신의학자들은 물론 여성심리학자로 하는 호나이와 같은 여성심리학자들 조차 여성의 자아구조를 논의함에 있어서 남성을 염두에 둔 생물학적인 측면을 지나치게 강조한 면이 지적되었다. 그러므로 여성의 자아와 정신구조에 대한 이해는 시대와 문화에 따라 크게 달라지는 것임으로 생리적이고 심리적인 측면만으로 단순화해서는 곤란하다는 것이다. 그리고 남성과 여성과의 관계 속에서 검토되어야 할 필요성이 지적되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 종전의 ‘남성 아니면 여성’이란 식으로 여성을 논할 것이 아니라 궁극적으로는 인간으로서의 여성론이 전개되어야 할 것을 강조하면서 여성의 자아에 대한 심리학적 측면을 연구함에 있어서도 여성의 생리적, 심리적 측면 이외에 사회적, 역사적 측면을 고려하여야 함을 강조하였다.
When we talk about the >quality of life< (QOL) we should inquire just into the >quality< of human life. Generally speaking, a qualitative thing includes something original that has no substitute. Each person's existence is an irreplaceable life, and it has a unique value. QOL is a subject about the qualitative values of human life. The pursuit of QOL is the pursuit of a >healthy< human life or >happiness.< E. Fromm said that a person represents the whole human being, and that an individual is a physico-spiritual totality. He also said that the goal of a person in life is to be himself. According to Fromm, the fundamental human desire aims to conquer >existential dichotomies,< such as >life and death,< >solidarity and aloneness.< Everyone shows one's answer depending on his/her character or personality. Only a >productive character< can get happiness through its answer. That is the basic attitude by which >human nature< and >individuality< are brought into full play at the same time. Such a person gropes for a >sane society<. And such a society ought to bring up sound persons. QOL as elements of a living environment are useful as conditions for happiness. However, the most important thing is the >quality< of each one's life itself. This kind of QOL is shown by the basic attitude as >personality.< A person who lives a well-filled life has a high quality of life. The scale of quality of life as the standard common to human beings is >human nature,< which is also the foundation of human equality. This is the >basis< of human rights. And each person will be the judge of the matter connected with >happiness<, making use of the activation of individuality. So, medical persons should not confuse QOL and >social usefulness!< Medical preference order is not a problem of QOL but purely a problem of medical technique.
Éditorial
(2003)
Zur Praxis der Liebe
(2003)
Winnicott et la créativité
(2003)
Who Is the Psychoanalyst?
(2003)
The article explores the romantic face of cannibalism where the act of devouring human flesh is deconstructed as the ultimate expression of love. It focuses on the issue of love cannibalism and the romanticised myth of the loving cannibal which has been functioning as a successful cultural metaphor since the 1990s. The article sets love cannibalism in the broader context of necrophilia, understood both in terms of a sexual disorder and a morbid fascination with the subject of love in death, Finally, it compares the romantic representation of cannibalism in contemporary texts to the similarly romantic depiction of AIDS, the infection which is treated as equivalent with taking control of the lover's body. The core of the article is the discussion of two criminal cases – Jeffrey Dahmer's and Issei Sagawa's – which serve to illustrate the relationship between love cannibalism and necrophilia. The argument is further expanded to examine various representations of necrophilia and love cannibalism in contemporary literature and film.
Umetnost življenja Ericha Fromma: Erich Fromm, Umetnost življenja, prevedel Milan Štrukelj ...
(2003)
Two Faces of Monotheism.
(2003)
Assuming that psychic reality and social phenomena are two sides of the same social totality, this article attempts to discuss the building up of the concept of superego in the Freudian text emphasizing its social roots and the function it performs as the representative of the symbolic law. Critical turning points in the development of the concept are presented and possible theoretical consequences of Freud's argument in >Civilization and its Discontents< are questioned when considered against the background of our present society determined by globalization and consumption. The author concludes by suggesting that the contemporary superego may represent an erractic reaction against the conditions prevalent in the social realm. Thus it appears to
The Social Responsibility of Psychoanalysis and Its Potential in Working with the Underprivileged
(2003)
The Sculpture and the Dust.
(2003)
The Schizophrenic Person and the Benefits of the Psychotherapies – Seeking a PORT in the Storm
(2003)
人学是一个古老而常新的研究课题,在现代西方关于人的问题的研究中,法兰克福学派占有很重要的地位,弗洛姆是法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一,他是一位在西方享有盛誉的学者,也是一位有着丰富人学思想的学者。而国内外从人学角度系统研究弗洛姆思想的并不多,本论文即是对其丰富的人学思想的全面系统的研究与论述,全文由五个部分组成。第一部分:弗洛姆其人。主要是对弗洛姆作一个简单的介绍。首先介绍了弗洛姆的生平及主要著作,以便使大家对弗洛姆有一个基本的了解;其次论述了弗洛姆思想的理论渊源,弗洛姆在吸收马克思和弗洛伊德二人思想的基础上又对二人思想进行了综合和发展。第二部分:人的本性。主要论述了弗洛姆对>人<的研究。分为两个层次:第一个层次是人的诞生。弗洛姆认为人的诞生经历了三次痛苦的分离过程,即人与动物的分离、人与自然的分离、人与他人的分离;第二个层次论述人的本质,弗洛姆认为人的本质在于人存在的两分性,而人的需要是由人的本质决定并衍生出来的。 第三部分:人的异化。系统论述了弗洛姆关于人的异化的思想。研究了弗洛姆的异化观,并比较了他与马克思异化观的区别;描述了在异化状态下人们所产生的各种病态性格和资本主义制度下人们生活、消费、政治生活、社会关系等方面异化的各种表现。第四部分:人的拯救。介绍了弗洛姆的救世良方。他认为对人要进行心理革命,培养具有健康性格和正确生活方式的人;同时对社会要进行经济、政治、文化等方面的革命,只有把心理革命和社会革命相结合起来,才能实现健全的人和健全的社会的目的。第五部分:弗洛姆人学思想评析。对弗洛姆的人学思想做一个简单的总结,指出其理论的贡献之处,剖析其不足之处,并提出弗洛姆思想对于我国社会现实的借鉴和指导作用。
All understanding is context dependent, and one of the most significant contexts for clinical purposes is the self-state. How we understand the other, and ourselves, depends on the state(s) we occupy. Dissociations between an analyst's self-states can, therefore, limit or impede understanding of the analysand by depriving the analyst of a fitting context within which to grasp what the analysand says and does. Clinical understanding may require the breach of such dissociations. I lay out some of the implications of thinking about transference and countertransference along these lines, with detailed examples illustrating the consequences of the analyst's dissociations and their eventual resolutions. Among the advantages of this way of thinking is that it amounts to a psychoanalytic account of the hermeneutic circle.
We consider the relevance of forms of intersubjectivity in infancy to the nonverbal and implicit dimension of intersubjectivity in psychoanalysis. The term forms of intersubjectivity, within the adult explicit and implicit modes and the infant presymbolic implicit mode, is offered to clarify the multiple meanings of intersubjectivity. The ideas of infant intersubjectivity of Meltzoff, Trevarthen, and Stern that have particular relevance for psychoanalysis are highlighted: the dialogic origin of mind, the role of correspondences, and the idea that symbolic forms of intersubjectivity are built on presymbolic forms. We build on their work to define a fourth position: that the full range of patterns of interactive regulation provides the broadest definition of the presymbolic origins of intersubjectivity, with correspondence being only one of many critical patterns. We additionally address the place of interactive regulation, problems with the concept of matching, the role of self-regulation, the role of difference, and the >balance model< of self- and interactive regulation. We take the position that all forms of interactive regulation are relevant to the possibility of perceiving and aligning oneself with the moment-by-moment process of the other. A broadened understanding of intersubjectivity in infancy sets the stage for a more fruitful exchange between infant researchers and psychoanalysts.
The Manic Society
(2003)
Whereas the first paper of this series compared the work of five theorists of intersubjectivity in psychoanalysis, this paper compares three theorists of intersubjectivity in infant research, Andrew Meltzoff, Colwyn Trevarthen, and Daniel Stern. By evaluating the points at which the theorists concur and differ, we hope to clarify the meanings or >forms< of intersubjectivity in infancy. All three have addressed the question of how infants can sense the state of the other, and all have used the concept of cross-modal correspondences as a central aspect of the answer. Nevertheless each has a distinctly different theory of intersubjectivity in infancy.
Our goal in this series of four papers is a further refinement of a theory of interaction for psychoanalysis, with a specific focus on the concept of intersubjectivity. Psychoanalysis has addressed the concept of intersubjectivity primarily in the verbal/explicit mode. In contrast, infant research has addressed the concept of intersubjectivity in the nonverbal/implicit mode of action sequences, or procedural knowledge. We propose that an integration of explicit/linguistic with implicit/nonverbal theories of intersubjectivity is essential to a deeper understanding of therapeutic action in psychoanalysis today. To shed light on an implicit/nonverbal dimension of intersubjectivity in psychoanalysis, we include concepts from adult psychoanalysis, infant research, developmental systems theories, and nonverbal communication, particularly the distinction between implicit processing out of awareness and explicit processing at the declarative/verbal level. We conclude with an adult psychoanalytic case illustrating the integration of implicit/nonverbal forms of intersubjectivity into adult treatment.
Self-organizing systems (Stechler and Kaplan, 1980) biased by dissociative experience provide a robust perspective for the modern understanding of the development of hysteria. Definition of self, framed as a function of self as agent, object, and locus (Schafer, 1968), illuminates the bias of depersonalization and the clinical presentation of persons subject to developmental influences (Main and Morgan, 1996) in early childhood, as well as to overwhelming trauma (Terr, 1991). Characteristics of self, such as coherence, continuity/consistency, congruence/incongruence, and cohesion are explored in this context. Affect is the primary organizing bias in the discernment of self and in the development of relatedness. Clinically observed isolation of subjectivity may result from the bias of intense affect, that is, shame, on self-organizing systems in a multiple self-state model.