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- 1973 (753) (remove)
L’emozione guidata
(1973)
Jung e la schizophrenia
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): Narcissus as Necrophile
(1973)
Freudo-Marxism and Erich Fromm, M.A. thesis, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 1973, 195 pp.
(1973)
Dass der Mensch (auch) ein aggressives Wesen ist und als einziges Lebewesen eine Lust am Zerstören entwickeln kann, zeigt der Blick in die Nachrichten, wo Berichte über Kriege, Folter und Terror an der Tagesordnung sind. Doch wo liegen die Ursachen für diese Art der Aggressivität beim Menschen – einem Wesen, dass doch eigentlich die Liebe als sein höchstes Ideal ansieht? Tatsächlich versucht Fromm auf der einen Seite, anhand von zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen seinen humanistischen Glauben an den Menschen gegenüber allen Verteufelungen des Menschen durch einen angeborenen Destruktionstrieb zu verteidigen. Andererseits ist es ihm wichtig, bei der Diskussion um die menschliche Aggression auf eine Besonderheit hinzuweisen: nur beim Menschen gibt es eine charakterbedingte Grausamkeit und Nekrophilie, deren Entstehungs- und Wirkungsweise Fromm im einzelnen darlegt. Das Buch analysiert nicht nur diese besonderen Arten der Destruktivität, sondern illustriert sie auch an einzelnen Menschen. So enthält das Buch ein Kapitel über Stalin, Himmler und Hitler, wobei ihm Hitler als Fallbeispiel für einen nekrophil-destruktiven Charakter dient. Darüber hinaus macht dieses Buch wie kein anderes deutlich, wie Fromm sich das Zusammenspiel von individuellen und sozialpsychologischen Faktoren bei der Genese des Charakters konkret vorstellt und wie er zu klinischen Urteilen kommt, ohne dabei auf die Freudsche Triebtheorie zurück zu greifen.
Various definitions of the term >psychiatric sociology< are noted and the scope and methods of the discipline are reviewed. Its origin and development is traced back to A. Comte in France. E. Durkheim, M. Mauss, and even C. Levi-Strauss are viewed as contributors. The work of Roger Bastide, SOCIOLOGIE DES MALADIES MENTALES (Sociology of Mental Illnesses, 1965), is considered important. The field became consolidated and further developed in the United States where, ever since S. Freud's visit in 1909, psychiatry has attempted to build bridges to sociology. The work of C. H. Cooley and G. H. Mead, studies by A. B. Hollingshead and F. C. Redlich, by A. Leighton, A. H. Stanton, A. M. Rose, and many others are mentioned as having furthered the concerns of psychiatric sociology. Labeling and stigmatization theory, reinforcement theory, and phenomenological psychology have contributed. Thomas J. Scheff, using cybernetic schemas, has developed a model whose hypotheses he has, in part, empirically tested. In Germany and Austria, psychoanalysts such as Wilhelm Reich, Karl Birnbaum and Erich FROMM built on Freud's thought in analyses of the social and political events of the 1930's, sometimes by simultaneous reference to Marxist ideas. Some could only complete their work in exile in the United States. After World War II, United States work reached Europe and was further developed. Since 1964 there has also been some empirical work oriented on United States trends, notably by Helga Reimann and Heinz Hafner, Michael Wilken, Martin Jäckel, Stefan Wieser, and many others. Important contributions on communication processes have been produced by Ronald D. Laing, Gregory Bateson, Don D. Jackson, and Theodore Lidz. German psychiatric sociology is carried on by a small, young avant-garde group at the margin of the sociological establishment. It may be said that the recent integration of social historical knowledge and ideological-critique in psychiatry, of which labeling theory is a small component, has been the special contribution of German scholars. Current work on diviant behavior and social control will bring further development.
Psychoanalyse und Gesellschaftstheorie, Darmstadt/Neuwiedt (Luchterhand Verlag) 1973, pp. 93-113.
(1973)
An examination of the problem of the humanization of technological progress with an analysis of the main Western approaches to the problem and a presentation of the Marxist approach. The aspects of the problem considered include the role of technology in historical development, the positive and negative consequences of its utilization, changes brought about in living conditions by the scientific and technological revolution, limits and possibilities of revolutionary reforms of society on the basis of technological progress, the situation of the individual and the prospects for development of the personality in a technologized world. Ontological, epistemological and psychological difficulties arise when attempting to analyze the literature on the problem.
Revolt
(1973)
An attempt is made to analyze the wide array of conditions and methodological orientations subsumed under the term >alienation<. A 519-item annotated Bibliography is preceded by a discussion which cites many of the items. This discussion opens with an etymological derivation (alienatio, alienation, entfremdung) and continues with an analysis of present-day treatments of alienation, anomie, and anomia. The concept is then examined from the history of ideas perspective, and 2 major sources are identified: (1) K. Marx's theory of alienation, and (2) E. Durkheim's theory of anomie. A discussion of the former's use of the concept proceeds to its more current used by such writers as E. FROMM and H. Marcuse; a similar discussion is presented on Durkheim and R. Merton. The concept in contemporary social science is considered. Arguments for and against alienation as a >unit-idea< are followed by an examination of ali enation as an empirico-analytical concept. This subsection includes: (A) some aspects of theory which yield empirically testable propositions, (B) measurement scales for alienation and anomie, and (C) empirical research in the world of work and the political system. Brief suggestions to overcome >the diffuse usages of the term as well as...the lack of coordinated research work< conclude the discussion. The Bibliography is organized under specific headings: (a) collections of articles, readers; (b) philosophy of alienation (alienation as a general concept to identify certain trends in contemporary society); (c) history of alienation; (d) theoretical aspects of alienation; (e) measurement of alienation/anomia; methodological problems; (f) empirical research on alienation/anomia; and (g) alienation in literature and the arts. An author index is provided.
Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (Nueva Epoca No. 02-03, 1973), 154 pp.
(1973)
Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (Nueva Epoca No. 01, 1973), 117 pp.
(1973)
Review Landis, B. and E. S. Tauber (Eds.): In the Name of Life – Essays in Honor of Erich Fromm
(1973)
An essay on the correlation of culture and morals, presented from the Marxist standpoint, with a critique of contemporary bourgeois philosophical theories; intuitivist ethics (G. E. Moore, C. D. Broad, E. S. Ewing, B. Blanchard, E. Hall); logical postivism and linguistic analysis (C. Stevenson, A. Ayer, P. G. Nowell-Smith); existentialism (J.-P. Sartre, K. Jaspers); abstract humanism (Erich FROMM and Charles Reich); neoprotestantism (K. Barth, R. Niebuhr, P. Tillich, and others). These theories take a nonhistorical, nonclass approach to culture and civilization. An awareness of the alienation of man in present-day capitalist society and of the pernicious effects of industrialization and scientific and technological advances on human beings and their environment has produced deep pessimism among many bourgeois philosophers. The most vivid negative concepts of culture and civilization have been set forth in the works of Y. Ellul and L. Mumford. While all of the above authors have produced excellent exposes of capitalist society, they have reached an impasse and see no way out except rejection of scientific and technological progress. The Marxist approach to the interrelation of culture and morals is a concrete-historical one. Marxism does not reject universal moral criteria in human relations. On the contrary, he stresses their significance, but objects to the blurring of the class nature of morals, and to regarding abstract moral principles as the magic solution to all problems. Considerable attention is given to the meaning and development of culture in socialist and communist societies, where the socioeconomic conditions foster the harmonious development of man. Assertions that communists believe in moral nihilism, that the end justifies the means, and that moral values are relative are vigorously denied, and Lenin, Marx, and Engels are quoted to prove that positive ends must be achieved by positive means. Maoist practice is termed as an example of the end justifies the means policy.
Erich Fromm
(1973)
Review Fromm, E.: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973a, English): Rethinking Aggression
(1973)
Envy of Maternity (spanish)
(1973)
Ciertamente, en la vida de un hombre no pueden ocurrir acontecimientos más trágicos y más infortunados que la pérdida de su vida y de su libertad. La libertad es la vida misma, la vida sin libertad es una condición triste y sombría. El presente ensayo analiza las circunstancias que propician la libertad humana, así como los factores que la limitan e interfieren para su ejercicio. La libertad supone la soledad y la angustia. Como sea, el hombre debe asumirla para alcanzar su realización y ser su propia creación. La ausencia de libertad, o cuando ha sido anulada o apagada, produce tristeza. Una especie de tristeza particular que tiene que ver con la frustración y la impotencia. Hay una sensación de fracaso, añoranza de lo que pudo ser, un sentimiento de angustia matizado de culpa. El saber si hemos sido libres y si nuestra vida ha sido una creación propia, nos otorgan sentimientos de alegría, plenitud y armonía.