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- 1996 (499) (remove)
We, as analysts, are constantly confronted with the paradox between the infantile as a phantasmal reconstruction based on the patient's fantasies and recollections, and childhood as a period of maturation and development, where it is impossible to avoid a reference to chronology. Although many authors have indicated that psychoanalytic practice is based on the traumas, conflicts, wishes and fantasies of the child within the adult, what happens when the patient is a child and not an adult? This paper discusses psychoanalysis with children from a structural point of view, asserting that psychoanalysis can only be beneficial to a given child if it considers his potential as a subject, promoting a change of places within the family structure. In other words, if it helps the child to displace himself from the position as an object of parental discourse, facilitating the access to his own desire.
Marco Bacciagaluppi attempts to place Fromm's clinical approach within the spectrum of current psychoanalytic models of therapy. Based on Goldberg, Hoffman, and Hirsch, among others, Bacciagaluppi distinguishes three therapeutic stances: the observationalinterpretative stance, in which the analyst observes conflict and limits his participation to providing insight; the >participation with< stance of empathic immersion into the patient's experience; and the >participation in< stance, which recognizes the analyst's inevitable involvement in (and likely reenactment of) the patient's problems. Bacciagaluppi notes several discrepancies in Fromm's approach, including the discrepancy between Fromm's advanced theoretical position, which places him in the >participation in< position, and his emphasis on insight, which places him in the observational-interpretative position. A second discrepancy is that between Fromm's emphasis on providing insight and the importance he attributed to providing a new experience for the patient. Bacciagaluppi concentrates primarily on the second discrepancy and illustrates Fromm's approach using a published case he supervised. – In the clinical case, Fromm is empathic and respectful toward the young woman's traumatic history and emphasizes, like Ferenczi and Bowlby, the importance of real-life experience. At the same time, Fromm states that the essence of analytical cure resides in the conflict engendered by the meeting of the rational and irrational parts of the personality. Bacciagaluppi points out that Fromm at times seems to downplay the importance of the analyst, and lists the personality of the analyst as just one of seven other factors that are important in clinical work. In discussing the importance of new experience in therapeutic change, Bacciagaluppi points out that new experience is seldom new, and that we often find the existence of >weak precursors< (Hoffman 1983) that provided in childhood a supportive and positive experience for the patient. Bacciagaluppi points out that we should be grateful for these weak precursors, and need to be modest in our claims to success as healers, as we are often building on the positive contributions of others who preceded us. Bacciagaluppi offers two clinical examples that illustrate the weak precursor concept. The first example exemplifies a case in which the history of a weak precursor was present from the onset of the therapy. In the second example the existence of a positive figure in the patient's life emerged only much later in the therapy.
Geheimnisse des Wassers
(1996)
Im Lande der Kibbuzim
(1996)
A Commentary
(1996)
Sinn-Erfahrungen
(1996)
Zu den Beiträgen
(1996)
Gruppo e psicosi: esclusione, inclusione, autonomia. Typescript, 5 pp. With accompanying letter.
(1996)
Presentazione di L. Terr, Il pozzo della memoria, Milano (Garzanti) 1990, pp. 7-27 and 311-313.
(1996)
Mito e mitologia personale: Il figlio di Crono. VIII IFPS Conference, Athens. Typescript, 5 pp.
(1996)
Socialists >shying away<?
(1996)
This paper offers an overview of the complex and rich history of Argentinean psychoanalysis, highlighting the significance of its contribution to the psychoanalytic world at large. The sociopolitical context in Argentina that threatened the neutrality of the analyst is explored. The development of psychology as a discipline seems to have served as a bridge between psychoanalysis and social sciences, fostering incursions into the study of group psychodynamics and its clinical applications. The centrality of the Oedipus complex's yielding to the main thesis of Totem and Taboo is understood in the context of the prevailing psychoanalytic discourse. The impact of ideology on established psychoanalytic institutions is both a promoter of internal splitting, and an energizing force. The question of why Argentinean psychoanalysis maintains a high degree of creativity and originality is also addressed.
Hiding Behind Motherhood
(1996)
A reflective appraisal.
(1996)
Olympia: a study in perversion – a psychoanalytic pictorial analysis of Edouard Manet's painting
(1996)
Gender as contradiction
(1996)
Patients’ dreams and analysts’ dreams about patients are assumed to reflect each analytic participant's attitude and psychic conduct toward the other, and an unconscious overlapping of psychic issues and struggles between them as well. This makes it possible to deal with dreams from one-person and two-person models of psychological functioning, as well as from an additional psychic dimension that is assumed to be a creation of the analysis itself. As a source of freely moving experience within both participants, one that is assumed to have a life and direction of its own, this latter dimension of analysis permits patient and analyst to undergo more freely the actual experience of the treatment as a modality that is separate from and prior to positivistically grounded determinations that can be made about either the patient or analyst individually, or about the two of them jointly. This dimension of analysis is said also to reflect a holism that characterizes conscious and unconscious psychoanalytic experience. Dreams and unconsciously generated dreamlike clinical phenomena are presented to try to illustrate this holistic character of analytic work, and to show how either participant's psychic productions maybe used to evoke significant experiences and further clinical knowledge.
Each of us holds unconscious representations of man and woman. Traditional psychoanalytic theories have viewed gender as formed primarily through unconscious representations of either man or woman. These theories have linked gender identifications to the resolution of either oedipal or preoedipal developmental issues. With this resolution, gender identifications have been conceptualized as acquiring a cohesiveness and a fixed nature over the rest of the life span. Contemporary feminist theories have challenged these ideas of fixed, unitary identifications and have offered instead the notion of a fluid gender that moves between multiple identifications. What is problematic is that either the understanding of gender has been restricted to the idea of singular, fixed identifications because of the linear frame of traditional theories or, in the feminist psychoanalytic quest for multiplicity and fluidity, no place has been left for the more fixed quality of gender experience. The tension between gender rigidity and fluidity has been collapsed. The author argues that the complex and dialectical nature of gender as an aspect of experience that at times feels sure and fixed and at other times feels more open to fluidity and change must be accounted for in gender theory. She traces the major developments in the psychoanalytic gender literature and, through case vignettes, uses Klein's and Ogden's formulations of the psychological positions to illustrate how the dialectical movement between the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive positions continuously recontextualizes gender such that the tension between fixed and fluid experience is maintained.
Money and fetishism
(1996)
This paper assesses the implications of Grünbaum's critique of Freud's >science< for a discussion of the relation between theory and practice in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. Guided by the work of the French sociologist, Bourdieu, it places Grünbaum's argument within a logic of intellectualism – a framework that tends to instrumentalize reason and romanticize practice, delineating the well-known territories of objectivism and subjectivism. Grünbaum's arguments within this logic are taken to be rhetorical maneuvers – such as valorizing the tally argument and then debunking it – aimed at rejuvenating an objectivistic approach to theory and practice. Grünbaum is successful insofar as much of the debate generated by his views accepts the terms of his intellectualist bias. It is suggested, however, that these are terms that have long been suspect that, indeed, it was Freud who helped bring them into question and that there is a broader framework of discourse that relativizes intellectualism within a dialectical opposition to >participationism.< A form of rationality founded in a nonconceptual knowledge of practice has begun to emerge within this more inclusive discourse under such rubrics as >social constructivist< and >relational< approaches to psychotherapy. It is argued that within the therapy situation a kind of >practical reason< can mitigate the controlling, instrumental authority of intellectualism as well as the collusive, sentimental servility of participationism. [T]he theoretician's claim to an absolute viewpoint, the >perspec-tiveless view of all perspectives< as Leibnitz would have put it, contains the claim to a power, founded in reason, over particular individuals, who are condemned to error by the partisan partiality of their individual viewpoints [Bourdieu, 1990, pp. 28–29]1.