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'Sage Knows You Better Than You Know Yourself, The': Psychological Utopianism in Erich Fromm's Work
(2004)
This article focuses on Erich Fromm's life and work from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s and examines the utopian aspects of his political thought, including his ideas of positive freedom. Through a systematic inquiry into Fromm's social and political thought, the article aims to illustrate the history of utopian thought in the twentieth century in general and the basic assumptions of psychological utopianism in particular. It is argued that Fromm's image of the 'Sane Society' and his promotion of Socialist Humanism share more features with imaginative utopian thought than with empirical political theories.
A Cause for Optimism
(2004)
埃里希•弗洛姆是20世纪美国著名的社会哲学家、心理学家和伦理学家,法兰克福学派的重要代表人物。他的人性思想是在>综合<弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思有关人的学说的基础上形成的,是他的整个社会哲学理论的核心与基石。本文主体共分三个部分:第一部分主要是介绍弗洛姆人性思想产生的社会背景和思想渊源。20世纪西方社会的发展,尤其是经济的发展、信仰的危机和社会生活的机械化倾向为弗洛姆人性思想的形成提供了社会现实基础;而弗洛伊德以无意识理论和性格理论为核心的精神分析学说、马克思的历史唯物主义理论和异化理论、法兰克福学派以消除社会异化、实现健全社会为基本目的社会批判理论以及东方的禅宗思想对其人性思想的形成产生了重大影响。第二部分旨在对其人性思想进行全面的梳理与探究。文章详细探究了弗洛姆人性思想的方法论及其含义,人性与生存矛盾、社会性格、社会无意识、自由及异化的关系,并简单介绍了弗洛姆实现人性解放的>社会改革方案<。弗洛姆以>社会生物学<的方法研究人性,既看到了人性中的生物因素和精神因素,又强调了社会环境对人性形成的重要作用,并提出了人的本质就是人的生存所固有的矛盾的观点。他认为,人类共同的生存境遇产生了三种生存矛盾即生与死、生命的短暂与潜能的无限、个体化与孤独感。为了解决这些生存矛盾,人产生了种种精神需要。社会性格和社会无意识是人们在一定处境下满足这些需要的方式。>个体化与孤独感<的生存矛盾决定了人们既要不懈地追求自由,又以各种方式逃避>消极的自由<,这种>消极的自由<在当今的西方社会中表现为人性的异化。为了消除人性的异化,达到一个>健全的社会<,弗洛姆认为要大力发展理性与爱的能力,具体措施就是要对资本主义社会的政治、经济、文化进行一场全面的>社会改革<。第三部分主要是在前面对弗洛姆人性思想全面系统地介绍的基础上,依据马克思主义的人性观点对弗洛姆的人性思想进行评价。弗洛姆人性思想的合理性主要表现在他对人性结构的内容进行了较为全面的探索、注重了人性的客观现实基础、人性的动态性和强调了人的主体性几个方面;但由于他的阶级局限性及其社会历史条件的制约,他的人性思想又有明显的局限性,主要表现在他片面夸大了人的精神因素在人性中的作用,在消除人性异化的途径上具有空想性以及他的人性思想具有内在的矛盾几个方面。因此,学习与研究弗洛姆的人性思想不仅具有重大的理论意义,而且对我国社会主义现代化建设中人性的健全与发展具有重要的借鉴意义。
Are we Loving? – The Life and Idea of Erich Fromm (Korean), Seoul (Philmac Publishing) 2004, 336 p.
(2004)
Book Review – Joanne Hatch Bruch, Unlocking the Golden Cage, An Intimate Biography of Hilde Bruch.
(2004)
Book Review – Peter Shabad, Despair and the Return of Hope: Echoes of Mourning in Psychotherapy.
(2004)
De la pluralité des théories
(2004)
Erich Fromm
(2004)
Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
(2004)
Escape, Fromm, Freedom: The Refutability of Historical Interpretations in the Popperian Perspective
(2004)
Je me penche sur un aspect de la philosophie sociale de Popper, à savoir les principes d'évaluation des interprétations historiques. Ma thèse globale est que suivant la perspective poppèrienne, notre choix parmi des interprétations historiques doit user d'au moins deux des critères qu'applique Popper au choix parmi diverses théories scientifiques : une interprétation devrait logiquement se prêter à une réfutation et elle devrait être consistante. Afin de montrer la pertinence et la fécondité de cette approche, je me concentre sur l'interprétation historique des causes de la montée du nazisme que propose Erich Fromm, en particulier dans Escape from Freedom. Je montrerai que l'application de notions psychanalytiques dans le cadre de son interprétation historique a une valeur explicative faible, voire nulle. Son échec à expliquer certaines questions sociales tient à plusieurs raisons. Premièrement, l'auteur ne fournit pas, quoi qu'il en dise, d'explication causale convaincante. Ensuite, les concepts et les multiples hypotheèses ad hoc auxquels il a recours tendent è rendre son interprétation irréfutable. Enfin, Fromm s'appuie sur des assomptions théoriques contradictoires. Mon analyse est basée sur la notion fondamentale de Popper voulant que la connaissance scientifique empirique exige au strict minimum une ouverture des interprétations historiques à la critique intersubjective. C'est cette exigence qui permet de les critiquer – c'est-à-dire les accepter, les réfuter et les corriger – sur une base rationnelle.
Freud's Wife
(2004)
This article seeks to identify the theoretical foundations and practical features of spiritual management development (SMD) through social movements which have enabled the diffusion of religious practices into secular life and led to the development of a more spiritualized psychology. Although similarities can be seen with outdoor management development, SMD is distinctive because it encourages subjects to search for meaning in their everyday working life through engagement with an inner self. It thus encourages an internalized, implicit form of religiosity where the search for self-understanding and the search for meaning are closely aligned. Through a re-contextualized, critical reading of the idealistic, Utopian visions portrayed by Maslow and Fromm and the spiritual, transpersonal psychologies of Jung and Assagioli, the intellectual foundations from which SMD practice has developed are traced. Analysis of the texts associated with SMD practice illustrates how these discourses are made meaningful to managers through the concepts of self-realization, holism and personal and embodied experience which define events as implicitly religious. However, by defining managerial identity in terms of the inner self and placing responsibility for change on the individual, SMD is isolated from possible critique and transformed from a potentially enlightening into a potentially repressive project.
历史发展到今天,现代化给人类带来了前所未有的社会生产力,极其丰富的物质享受和丰富多彩的人类文化,但同时也带来了无所适从的紧张情绪、迷失感和危机。人类的精神健康成了一个十分尖锐的问题,寻求健康的人格成为人们的共同愿望。埃里希•弗洛姆(1侧X〕一1980),美国著名心理学家、社会哲学家,法兰克福学派的重要代表人物。他生活于动荡不安,灾难迭起的20世纪,残酷的社会现实使其从少年时代就开始思考与战争有关的心理学问题,思索人与社会的关系。1941年,弗洛姆出版了其关于研究纳粹主义心理学问题的著作《逃避自由》,他在书中剖析了法西斯主义崛起的心理根源,阐述了自己对人性的思考,提出了独具特色的健康人格观。弗洛姆认为病态的社会造成病态的人格。他指出资本主义社会的自由是现代人的困境的根源。一方面,社会生产力的发展解除了传统社会对个人的种种束缚,个人获得了独立和自由;另一方面,社会生产力的发展也瓦解了稳定的社会结构,人们在获得>自由<的同时却发现生活中充斥着无数的不确定性—人失去了安全感和归属感。随着工业和技术的发展,人类生活的每一个角落都打上了人的印记,人类因与自然的血缘联系被 ...
How Far to the Moon?
(2004)
Introduction
(2004)
What do Joyce Brothers and Sigmund Freud, Rabbi Harold Kushner and philosopher Martin Buber have in common? They belong to a group of pivotal and highly influential Jewish thinkers who altered the face of modern America in ways few people recognize. So argues Andrew Heinze, who reveals in rich and unprecedented detail the extent to which Jewish values, often in tense interaction with an established Christian consensus, shaped the country's psychological and spiritual vocabulary. >Jews and the American Soul< is the first book to recognize the central role Jews and Jewish values have played in shaping American ideas of the inner life. It overturns the widely shared assumption that modern ideas of human nature derived simply from the nation's Protestant heritage. – Heinze marshals a rich array of evidence to show how individuals ranging from Erich Fromm to Ann Landers changed the way Americans think about mind and soul. The book shows us the many ways that Jewish thinkers influenced everything from the human potential movement and pop psychology to secular spirituality. It also provides fascinating new interpretations of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Western views of the psyche; the clash among Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish moral sensibilities in America; the origins and evolution of America's psychological and therapeutic culture; the role of Jewish women as American public moralists, and more. A must-read for anyone interested in the contribution of Jews and Jewish culture to modern America. [Taken from Publisher’s Website: http://press.princeton.edu/]
Tesis ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengangkat pemikiran Erich Fromm mengenai manusia dan masyarakat dalam tradisi psikologi sosial materialis. Pemikiiran Erich Fromm ini layak untuk ditampilkan karena dua alasan utama yakni, (1) pemikiran ini bertumpu pada dua aliran besar pemikiran: Mandan dan Freudian. Ia merupakan kritik dan sintesa dan dua aliran pemikiran tersebut; (2) pemikiran ini memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap kejayaan Teori Kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Institut Penelitian Sosial, yang kemudian lebih dikenal sebagai Mazhab Frankfurt. Yang belakangan ini kelihatannya jarang diangkat (sengaja ditenggelamkan?) dalam berbagai literatur yang ada Memang benar bahwa Erich Fromm hanya sebentar bergabung bersama Institut Penelitian Sosial, tapi tentu kita tidak bisa mengabaikan kontribusinya. Adapun permasalahan pokok yang diangkat adalah: bagaimana tinjauan kritis Fromm terhadap pemikiran Karl Marx dan Sigmund Freud yang bicara mengenai manusia dan masyarakat? Dan bagaimana pemikiran Erich Fromm sendiri, mengenai manusia dan masyarakat, dalam tradisi psikologi sosial materialis? Metode yang dipakai dalam tesis ini adalah, metode penelitian historis, deksriptif-analitis, dan komparasi-sintesis.
La lumière au bout du tunnel
(2004)
La pensée hypertexte
(2004)
Letter to the Editor.
(2004)