An Exploration of Fromm’s Humanology Thought [弗洛姆人学思想探本], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2011.

  • 埃里希•弗洛姆是二十世纪最杰出的人本主义思想家之一,他的思想可以用人本主义宗教来冠名。弗洛姆一生笔耕不辍,著作等身,他的研究主要是围绕着人的问题进行的,形成了丰富的人学思想,其中人性理论是其核心和基石。本文尝试围绕着人性理论对弗洛姆的人学思想进行探本性考察。文章分为三个部分。第一部分考察弗洛姆人学思想形成的个人经历、社会背景,以及其理论渊源。要确切地了解一个人的思想,一本传记性的书是必需的。要探本弗洛姆的人学思想,首先必须对弗洛姆的个人经历及其生活的社会背景进行考察,并要研究他人学思想的理论渊源。本文认为弗洛姆的个人经历尤其是他的家族传统对他人学思想的形成具有决定性的影响:弗洛姆对人的价值设定就直接取自其早年所领受的先知的犹太教;他的人学理论的根本性质——宗教性也是直接来自于犹太-基督宗教的影响。个人经历的决定性作用是和他学说的理论渊源联系在一起的。弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源主要包括先知的犹太教、马克思的人类解放学说、弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、巴霍芬的母权论、禅宗等。其中先知的犹太教和弗洛姆的个人经历共同决定了他人学思想的根本特点及内容。第二部分以人性为视角对弗洛姆人学思想的内容进行考察。本部分首先指出弗洛姆研究问题的方法:总体性方法和实证的方法。这部分主要围绕他的人性思想、人的需要思想、人的沉沦和人的拯救理论展开,还考察了他的社会性格和社会无意识理论。弗洛姆把人性定义为人的生存矛盾(二律背反)造成的人的分裂。由于人的生存矛盾引起了人的五种精神需要:合一的需要、超越的需要、寻根的需要、身份感的需要、定向与献身的需要。人在解决其不可消除的生存矛盾中不断地生成。为了要满足由其生存矛盾所引起的需要,人不断地求索,在这个过程中,人误入了歧途,陷入沉沦之中,表现为内在层面的逃避自由、破坏性、重占有的生存方式,以及外在层面的异化。面对人的沉沦,弗洛姆提出了人道主义的总体性拯救方案,包括通过精神改革,发挥爱、理性、创造性的人性光辉,使人养成重生存的生存方式,以及政治、经济、文化等领域同时进行的社会改革。此外,本文还着力考察了弗洛姆对人的破坏性问题的认识。通过多学科的综合考察,弗洛姆认为人具有天生的防卫侵犯性,但是作为恶性侵犯的破坏性只是人类文明发展的结果,我们应该通过对我们文明的调整来消除人的破坏性倾向。第三部分立足于马克思主义理论对弗洛姆的人学思想进行评论。首先,本文认为弗洛姆的人学思想具有三个显著的特点:价值的预先设定性、纯粹的宗教性和现实的乌托邦性。其次,在马克思主义看来,弗洛姆的人学思想带有显著的局限性,表现在:人性定义的迷误、关于历史动力理论之人性动力论的谬误和人的拯救方案的空想性。
  • Erich Fromm is one of the most prominent humanism thinkers in the twentieth century. Generally speaking, his doctrine is one kind of humanism religion. Fromm kept on writing all his lifetime and published plenty of books. His research is mainly on issues around people and he developed a wealth of humanology theory based on his human nature theory which is the core theory and foundation of his whole thought. This paper attempts to explore Fromm’s humanology theory focusing on his human nature thought. This article is divided into three parts.– In the first part, we investigate Fromm’s personal experience, social background, and the theoretical origin of his humanology theory. To accurately understand a person’s thinking, a biographical book is required. So, to explore Fromm’s humanology thought, we must investigate Fromm’s personal experience, social background, and the theoretical origin first of all. This paper argues that Fromm’s personal experience, especially his family tradition has a decisive influence on the formation of Fromm’s humanology thought. This is reflected in the following areas: the setting of human values by Fromm directly comes from prophets’ Jewish that he accepted in his early years; The religiousness is also directly from Jewish-Christian religion, which is the fundamental character of his humanology thought. The decisive role of personal experience is linked to the origin of his humanology theory. Fromm’s theorical origins include the prophets’ Judaism, Marx’s theory on human emancipation, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, Bachofen’s matriarchal theory, Zen and so on. Among these theoretical origins, prophets’ Judaism decides the fundamental characteristics and the content of his humanology thought with his personal experience.– In the second part, we investigate the content of Fromm’s humanology thought from the viewpoint of human nature. First of all, we note Fromm’s research methods: the overall approach and empirical methods. This part mainly focus on his human nature, human needs, the sinking of people, how to save the people sunk. Besides, We also research his theory of social characters and social unconscious in this part. Fromm definited human nature as his relation to existential dichotomies which caused the division. Contradictions of human existence lead to five spiritual needs: the need for unity, the need for surpassing, the needs of roots, the need of identity sense, the need for orientation and devotion. Human being continually generates as he solve the existential dichotomies that cannot be removed. To meet the needs caused by the existential dichotomies, people keep on probing, in which process people stray into the wrong track. People fall into the sunk state. This is reflected on two sides: to escape from freedom, full of destructiveness, tending to possess all of which are in the internal dimension; alienation in the external dimension. Faced to this sunk state of human beings, Fromm presented the general program for the humanitarian rescue. Fromm argued that we should develop the way of life preferring to being through playing the role of brilliance of human nature such as love, rationality and creativeness, which is his spirit reform, as well as social reform in political, economic, cultural and other fields at the same time. In addition, this article makes efforts to study Fromm’s theory on the destructiveness issue. Through multidisciplinary study, Fromm argued that people inherently have aggressive defense, but destructiveness which is a sort of vicious violations is just the result of the development of human civilization. Consequently, we should adjust our civilization to quell the destructive tendencies.– In the third part, we make some comments on Fromm’s humanology thought based on Marxism. First, the paper argues that Fromm’s humanology theory has three notable features: human value pre-set, purely religious and realistic Utopianism. Secondly, in the Marxist view, Fromm’s humanology theory goes with significant limitations in the following aspects: mistakes in the definition of human nature, the fallacy of the human nature drive force theory on historical kinetic issue, the fantasy of rescuing human beings plan.

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Metadaten
Author:Chuanqi Liu
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2011
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Liu_Chuanqi_2011
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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