Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness [述评弗洛姆的社会无意识理论], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012.

  • 弗洛姆是当代西方重要的哲学家、心理学家和社会学家,他的社会无意识理论深入分析了社会无意识的性质、产生根源、发生机制、运行机制以及揭示无意识的途径,为我们揭开了社会无意识的神秘面纱,对于我们认识社会无意识有着十分重要的意义。弗洛姆的社会无意识理论是以弗洛伊德的个人无意识理论和马克思关于社会存在与社会意识的关系的学说为理论基础的。他将弗洛伊德的无意识视作马克思的社会存在与社会意识相互作用时所需要的一个中间环节,从而补充了马克思的理论;同时又用马克思的社会理论将弗洛伊德的个人无意识改造为社会无意识。正是通过这种创造性的综合,弗洛姆创建了自己的社会无意识理论。弗洛姆对社会无意识理论所涉及到的诸多问题给予了细致的解释。在他看来,社会无意识就是对大多数社会成员相同的、对某些心理内容的压抑或未觉察状态,其中压抑乃是社会无意识的核心。这种压抑的心理根源是恐惧,正是由于对某些对象的恐惧导致了人们对某些内在经验的压抑。而社会压抑的具体运行,则是通过语言、逻辑和社会禁忌这三种>社会过滤器<来进行的,它们将某些不能通过过滤的内容压抑在无意识状态。但是,社会压抑本身会导致社会意识的虚假性,而且社会无意识才代表着更加完整的人性,因此只有使社会无意识转变为意识,才能实现>普遍的人性的目标<,因此必须要解除压抑。具体的方法就是通过个人的情感体验去直观无意识、以及通过人道主义的社会批判对>虚假的意识<进行批判。只有这样,人才能变得完整、自由,社会才能变得健全。弗洛姆的社会无意识理论有着重要的理论贡献,它丰富和综合了马克思和弗洛伊德的思想,为社会改革提供了合理化论证,并为解决当代社会的各种问题提供了一定的可行性建议。但它也有着重要的理论缺陷,弗洛姆对马克思的理解是歪曲的、弗洛伊德化了的,他的人道主义立场、>普遍的人性的目标<的预设以及>心理革命<说都是不切实际的。最后,弗洛姆的社会无意识理论对于当代中国社会有着重要的启示意义,它启示我们必须坚定不移地坚持马克思主义中国化的道路、坚持社会改革、坚持社会主义精神文明和社会文化建设,只有这样,才能真正建立起一个和谐的社会。
  • Fromm is an important contemporary Western philosopher, psychologist and sociologist. His theory of social unconsciousness analyses deeply the nature, causes and operating mechanism of the social unconsciousness, and the way of revealing the social unconsciousness. In doing this it unveils the mystery of the social unconsciousness. It is of great significance for us to understand this theory. Fromm’s theory of social unconsciousness is based on Freud’s theory of individual unconsciousness and the Marxist doctrine of social existence and social consciousness. He treats Freud’s theory of individual unconsciousness as an intermediate step of interaction between social existence and social consciousness according to the Marxist doctrine, thus complementing the Marxist theory. At the same time, He transforms Freud’s theory of individual unconsciousness into the theory of social unconsciousness with the help of Marxist social theory. It is through this creative comprehension that Fromm creates his own theory of social unconsciousness.– Fromm gives a detailed explanation on those many issues involved in the theory of social unconsciousness. In his view, the social unconsciousness is same for most members of a society, repressing or unperceiving certain mental content. The core of the social unconsciousness is depression, the psychological roots of fear. It is the fear of certain objects that lead people to repress some inner experience. The operation of the social depression is carried out by three kinds of >social filter<, that is, of the language, logic, and social taboos, which depress certain mental contents into unconsciousness that can’t go through the filters. However, the social repression itself will lead to the false social consciousness, and it is the social unconsciousness that represents the more complete humanity, so that only can the transformation of social unconsciousness into consciousness achieve the >common goal of human nature<.– Therefore, we must remove the depression. The specific method is to intuit unconsciousness through the emotional experience of individuals, as well as to criticize the >false consciousness< through the humanitarian social criticism. Only in this way can people become complete and free, and can the society become sound. Fromm’s theory of social unconsciousness has some important theoretical contributions, for it enriches and integrates the doctrine of Marx and Freud, and provides reasonable argument for the social reforms and feasible recommendations to solve the problems of the contemporary social problems. But it also has some important theoretical defects, for Fromm’s understanding of Marx is distorted and Freudianism, and it is unrealistic of his humanitarian standpoint, the presumption of >common goal of human nature<, and the doctrine of >psychological revolution<. Finally, Fromm’s theory of social unconsciousness has important implications for contemporary Chinese society. It is revelation that we must unswervingly adhere to the road of Marxism in China, to social reform, and to the socialist spiritual civilization and socio-cultural construction. Only in this way can we truly build a harmonious society.

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Metadaten
Author:Aiai Cheng
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2012
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Cheng_Aiai_2012
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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