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Women on the Way Towards Freedom – Female Images in Doris Lessing’s Collection >A Man and Two Women< [自由之路上的女性—多丽丝•莱辛《一个男人和两个女人》中的女性形象研究], Master thesis, Foreign Language and Literature, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art].

  • 多丽丝•莱辛作为一名极富责任感的作家, 非常关注女性生存状态和她们的命运。她的作品中女性形象众多, 本文旨在关注莱辛在她的短篇小说集《一个男人和两个女人》中的五位典型女性形象。尽管身处不同的处境, 她们都有个共通之处, 即不停止对个人身份以及自由的追寻。>十九号房<中的苏珊为了实现她对自由的渴求最终不得已自杀。>弃心记<中的>我<在目睹了车站上遇见的另一个>我<而后放弃了对男性的情感依赖, 伴随着自我意识的觉醒, >我<最终获得了幸福和自由的情感体验。>老妇与猫<中的贝蒂在当局的压迫下不得不过上四处漂流居无定所的生活却也不失自由随性。>屋顶丽人<中的裸体女主人公则勇敢的与父权主导的社会相对抗, 对来自代表父权制思想的三位男子的骚扰视而不见。她的反抗沉默而有力。>吾友茱蒂丝<中的茱蒂丝是一位彻底的自由女性, 她有着自己的思想和主见。不同于传统女性的生活方式, 她尊重自己的想法按照自己内心的意愿生活, 是莱辛笔下自由女性的代表。通过关注这些女性的生存状态和心路历程, 我们可以看到她们在以各自不同的方式演绎着对自由的追求, 她们这种对自由幸福的追求势必会鼓舞众多女性更加独立自由的活着, 为现代社会女性提供一定程度的借鉴。本文旨在通过分析莱辛短篇小说《一个男人和两个女人》中这五位典型女性对自由追求的不同路径结合弗洛姆对积极自由和消极自由的思考探索现代社会中女性获得自由、实现自我独立人格和人生价值的出路。在弗洛姆看来, 消极自由的实现是对摆脱外界束缚和对外力的依赖而获得的情感体验, 这种自由会让人们更容易陷入孤立。与之相对应的积极自由则是建立在消极自由基础上的一种更高层次的自由, 可以促使人们通过自发性的活动来发挥自我潜能。女性可以通过勇敢的爱别人, 从事有意义的工作并主动融入社会来健全自我的人格、全面发展自己从而获得积极自由。她们对积极自由的追求有益于构建起对自我及社会的认知、发展更健全的人格从而实现与社会与他人的和谐。
  • Lessing as a responsible novelist concerns for female living conditions and their fate a lot. There are various types of female images in her works. This thesis aims to analyze five typical female images in her anthology >A Man and Two Women<. Though living in different situations, a common feature of these female images is their struggling for individuality and freedom. Susan in >To Room Nineteen< pursues freedom so hard that she ends her life in the end. >I< in >How I Finally Lost My Heart< abandons my habit of relying on males spiritually, finally obtaining sense of happiness and freedom along with my awakening self-consciousness. Betty in >The Old Woman and the Cat< lives an unsettled life under the pressure of the authority but with her independent and free character. The heroine in >The Woman on a Roof< rebels mutedly but powerfully against the challenge from a male-dominated discourse which is represented by three men of different ages. Judith in >Our Friend Judith< is independent and free from head to toe. Having her own ideas, she does not live a life like many other traditional women do. She follows her heart and lives a free life by virtue of her view of life. She is a representative of free women. Through observing these women’s living condition and their psychological state, we can clearly see their process of seeking individuality in various ways. Their pursuit of individuality and freedom could enlighten and inspire modern women in the world to live freer and happier. This thesis aims to explore ways for women to gain freedom, perfect their independent personalities and achieve life value based on Erich Fromm’s ideology of negative and positive freedom by studying female images seeking freedom constantly in a male-dominated society in Lessing’s collection >A Man and Two Women<. The acquirement of negative freedom is through getting rid of outer bondages, but it could make people feel lonelier. Positive freedom is based on the acquirement of negative freedom, which promotes people to develop their potentials through spontaneous activities. Positive freedom is the center of achieving true freedom. Modern women could develop their personalities and further gain positive freedom by loving others, performing creative work and integrating into the society. The pursuit of positive freedom can help women construct their life value and live with others together in harmony. [Author’s translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Yang Li
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2018
Release Date:2019/03/04
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Li_Yang_2018
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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