• search hit 40 of 818
Back to Result List

A Research on Fromm’s Freedom [埃利希•弗洛姆的自由思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2009.

  • 自古以来,自由问题是人们孜孜不倦探索的问题,也是人们积极实现的目标。然而,对自由问题的理解可谓仁者见仁、智者见智。弗罗姆作为20世纪弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,自由问题同样是他关注的中心。但是,针对当代西方资本主义社会,他的思路与以往研究自由问题的理论家有所不同。弗洛姆的自由思想主要吸取了马克思的历史观和弗洛伊德的心理学的营养。他从历史和心理的两个维度,去探索自由问题的根源和发展脉络。在弗罗姆看来,人们从中世纪的精神枷锁下一步步的解放出来,作为个体的人们得到了前所未有的自由。但是,资本主义社会的发展又使作为个体的人们感到没有了依靠、感到不安全、焦虑,无法享受辛苦得来的自由。从此,人们以为只要全力投身到经济生活中,把自己看作是机器的一份子,就可以忘掉现实。为了摆脱心理的压力,减弱这种不安全感,人们从>追求自由<的理想走向了自己的反面即>逃避自由<。对于如何解救这种病态的自由观,弗洛姆给出了一个解救的方案,即创造性的工作、爱和构建一个健全的社会。他认为,自由的先决条件就在于健全的社会,必须去构建一个健全的社会来维护来之不易的自由。只有这样,人们才成为一个健全的人,才能实现自由的理想。本文立足于弗洛姆原著理论资源的研读,结合当代对弗洛姆自由思想的研读成果,力图从弗洛姆理论的整体,对其自由思想的整体性、历史性和局限性进行研究。因此,本文的主旨存于能够说明弗洛姆自由思想的独特性和重要性,进一步彰显其自由思想的现实意义,能够为我国构建以人为本的和谐社会,提供有价值的思路和参考。第一部分,从弗洛姆自身的社会境遇和理论境遇出发,探索其自由思想的背景。弗洛姆生活的年代是上世纪前80年,这也是人类社会各种矛盾最为尖锐的时期。两次世界大战、经济大危机、纳粹掌权、核武器运用于战争等等,这些都是弗洛姆观察的重要题材。其次,弗洛姆特殊的家庭环境和人生经历也是形成其思想的重要依据。第二部分,从其理论发展的历史过程中,考察弗洛姆自由思想的理论基点。弗洛姆的自由思想基于两个方面的因素,即现实的社会状况和人的生存状况。在现实中,人们无法逃脱生存和历史的二分律。他既坚持马克思关于从现实社会中研究人的观点,也认为人难以改变历史留给自己的位置。在当代资本主义社会,人们无法逃避被异化。在弗洛姆看来人性既有动物性又有社会性,那么,异化就不只是社会的异化,人性也被异化了。因此,这些成为了其自由思想理论的现实内容。第三部分,从其理论的整体性中,阐述弗洛姆自由思想的主要内容、自由悖论的产生和健全社会的构建。在社会发展过程中,弗洛姆分析了各个时代人们追求自由和对自由的态度。接下来,从历史和心理两个维度,他进一步分析了自由走向自己的反面的过程。最后,从主观和客观两个方面,他探索了消除>逃避自由<的措施,即创造性的工作和爱,以及对社会进行改革——构建健全的社会。第四部分,通过对弗洛姆自由思想的考察,说明其自由思想的意义,并且论述了其局限性。把>自由问题<纳入心理学范围内,这是弗洛姆自由思想的独特之处。但是,他在解决>逃避自由<问题时,只凭借创造性的工作、爱和进行几项改革,太过于空想性和不切实际,没有真正找到一条走向自由的合乎实际的道路
  • From the ancient time, freedom is not only the problem we deeply inquired but also the target we actively and continuously realizing. But there are different understandings for the concept of freedom. As a Marxian of Freudianism in 20th century, Fromm focused on this problem with a different way than other theorists. Fromm’s thought of freedom mainly derived from the historical concept of Marx and the psychology of Freud. He investigated the origin and the developmental thread of freedom from the perspective of history and psychology. In the opinion of Fromm, man, as an individual, liberated from the chains of the Middle Age and gained the unprecedented freedom. Nevertheless, the development of Capitalist Society caused the rising of insecurity, anxiety, independent and at the same time, people also disabled to enjoy the hard-won freedom. From then on, people thought that they could forget the reality by the way of devoting themselves to the economic life and regarded them as a component of a giant machine. In order to break away from the psychological pressure and the feeling of insecurity, people changed their dreams form >Pursuit of Freedom< to the opposite side, which is called >Escape from Freedom<. In order to change this morbid concept of Freedom, Fromm proposed a scheme which consists three parts: creative works, love and to construct a sound society. In his opinion, Freedom is a prerequisite for a healthy society. We must to construct a sound society to maintain this hard-won freedom. This will be the only way to be a sound man and to realize the dream of freedom. This paper investigates the wholeness, historicity and the limitation of Fromm’s theory based on the original materials and the contemporary study. The aim of this paper is to clarify the uniqueness and importance of Fromm’s thought about Freedom, and further, to demonstrate the practical significance of freedom. I hope this investigation could provide valuable ideas and references for the construction of people-oriented and harmonious society. There are four parts in this paper.– First part is to investigate the background of Fromm’s thought about freedom based on the society and theory situation of Fromm himself. Fromm lived in the early 80 years of 20th century. In this period happened two world wars, great depression, the Nazis came to power, nuclear weapons used in war and so on. As a result, this is the most intense period in human history. All of these events became the important observation objects for Fromm. Beside this, the special family situation and the experience became the other source of Fromm’s thought.– Second part is to investigate the theoretical basement of Fromm’s thought of freedom from the development of his concept of freedom. Fromm’s views about freedom based on two aspects: real situation of the society and the living condition of human. In reality, man cannot escape from the dichotomy of existence and history. Fromm insists on the Marx’s viewpoint of studying the human from reality, but also believes that man can hardly change his position in the history development. In contemporary capitalist society, people cannot escape from the alienation. In Fromm’s opinion, humanity not only includes animality but also the sociality. So the alienation is about not only the society but also the humanity. And all of these aspects became the component of Fromm’s viewpoint about freedom.– In the third part, we demonstrate the main content of Fromm’s concept of freedom, the emergence of the paradox in freedom and the way of constructing a sound society. Based on the development sequences of society, he analyzes the situation of freedom in different times and the attitude toward the freedom. Then he analyzes the process that how the freedom changed into its opposite side from the perspective of history and psychology. At last, he investigates the ways to eliminate the phenomenon of >escape from freedom< from the subjective and objective perspectives.– Fourth and also the last part, we demonstrate the meaning and the limitation of the freedom by investigating the concept of Fromm’s freedom. There is a specialty in Fromm’s understanding about freedom, which is to bring the >problem of freedom< into psychology. But, Fromm proposed much more utopian and unrealistic way in resolving the problem of >escape from the freedom<, they are creative work, love and few reforms. This is not a right way toward the real freedom.

Export metadata

Additional Services

Share in Twitter Search Google Scholar
Metadaten
Author:Naishun Ding
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2009
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Ding_Naishun_2009
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
Einverstanden ✔
Diese Webseite verwendet technisch erforderliche Session-Cookies. Durch die weitere Nutzung der Webseite stimmen Sie diesem zu. Unsere Datenschutzerklärung finden Sie hier.