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Analysis on Harmonious Society – Theory of Western Marxism [西方马克思主义的社会和谐思想探析], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2013.

  • 西方资本主义社会现代化所带来的后果引起了很多西方马克思主义理论家们的思考,这一时期的很多社会和谐思想就源于西马学者们的反思和批判。西方马克思主义理论家们着重研究了西方社会人与社会、人与自然发展的不协调以及社会文化的变异等现象,指出西方资本主义社会出现种种不和谐的症结所在是西方社会制度的不完善和一些特殊利益集团的存在,他们认为,构建和谐社会应该从问题的本质入手来对社会结构和人的心理进行彻底地变革。改革开放以来,作为一种社会思潮,西方马克思主义引起了中国学术界的广泛关注。西方马克思主义思想涉猎的内容十分广泛,包括了政治、经济、文化等多个领域,虽然这些理论并没有明确地指出如何构建和谐社会,但其中也涵盖了许多与社会和谐紧密相关的理论和思想。更深层次地探究西方马克思主义社会和谐思想精髓,对中国和谐社会主义的建设也具有启发和借鉴意义。本文以西方和谐社会思想为切入点,从西方马克思主义思想总体性思想中的社会和谐思想入手,进一步深化探讨西方马克思主义的两大批判理论中的社会和谐思想,从中吸取理论精华,而对于其中一些极端片面的观点进行批判,做到取其精华,去其糟粕。文章的第一章阐述了西方马克思主义的重要思想特征即总体性思想中的社会和谐思想。文章通过介绍总体性思想中的社会和谐思想在存在论、方法论、价值论中的体现,深入解读了总体性思想概念中的社会和谐思想的内涵。另外,文章的第一部分对总体性思想进行了划分,分为社会历史的总体性和社会结构的总体性,并分别深入研究了蕴含在其中的社会和谐思想,从而客观的把握了社会的发展过程同时也完善了社会内部结构的统一。文章的第二章阐述了西方马克思主义社会的两大批判理论即社会批判理论和文化批判理论中的社会和谐思想。其中社会批判理论中的社会和谐思想这一部分较为详细地阐述了三个具有代表性的思想,即:卢卡奇对于物化理论和阶级意识的研究;弗洛姆对资本主义制度的批判、对人性问题的思考以及对人道主义的高度赞扬;马尔库塞对人没有自由追求幸福权利的批判以及对社会变成>单向度<的社会、人变成了>单向度<的人的批判。在文化批判理论中的社会和谐思想这一部分也较为深入的探究了两个具有代表性的思想,即:霍克海默和阿多诺对启蒙精神和文化工业的批判;马尔库塞对单向度文化、实证主义和传统艺术的批判。这些批判理论中的社会和谐思想都取得了丰硕的研究成果,对我们更深入地拓展社会和谐思想有积极意义。文章的第三章主要由两个部分组成,即西方马克思主义社会和谐思想对构建和谐社会的启示和从西方马克思主义社会和谐思想局限性中的反思。关于启示部分文章概述了在总结西方马克思主义社会和谐思想的理论精华之后,我们得到的一系列具有积极借鉴意义的思想理论,如:应当明确社会主义和谐社会发展,应以政治、经济,还有文化以及生态等各要素全面发展为目标,在构建和谐社会主义社会的道路上应该不断挖掘人民群众的主体意识,使群众积极主动地投入到建设事业中等等。但是,尽管西方马克思主义社会和谐思想对我们建设和谐社会意义重大,影响深远,其本身也存在局限性,文章最后简述了弗洛姆和马尔库塞批判理论中社会和谐思想的局限性并加以反思。西方马克思主义社会和谐理论中有值得我们学习和借鉴的地方,但他们的很多理论和思想存在着某种程度上的偏差和片面性。所以,我们在学习研究西方马克思主义社会和谐理论时,要明确其理论中存在的偏颇的消极部分,吸收其积极成分,使其对我国构建社会主义和谐社会有借鉴价值。
  • The modernization of western society aroused many western Marxian's attention, many social harmony theories were formed under their self-examination and criticized. Western Marxist theorists blind up in researching disharmony of development between people and society, people and nature and social and cultural variations in Western society, they point out that the crux of this kind of disharmony was the imperfection of Western social system and the existence of some special interest groups, they believe that building a harmonious society should start from change the social structure and the psychological. Since the reform and opening up, as a kind of social thought, Western Marxism has caused widespread concern in China academic circles. Western Marxism studied under a wide range of content, including political, economic, cultural and other fields, although these theories is not clear that how to build a harmonious society, but also covers a number of closely related and social harmony theory and thought. To absorb the western social harmony theory in essence is also helpful for us to build a harmonious society. This article use Western Marxist harmony theory as a basic point, catch the general characteristics of the harmonious society thought in Western Marxism overall thought, then do further relative researches on Western Marxist social harmony theories and two critical theories to get the useful essence and drop the unilateral points. The first chapter of the article describes the Western Marxist harmony theory in the important ideological characteristics of Western Marxism which is the over arching ideological. The essay introduces the reflection of society harmonious thought in Western Marxism overall thought in presence of theory, methodology and the theory of value. In this way we can get the intension of harmonious society thought in Western Marxism overall thought. In addition, the first part classify overall ideological into two parts: the social history overall ideological and social structure overall ideological. Then do a further research of society harmonious thought in both of them in order to grasp of the social development process objectively and improve the unify of social internal structure.– The second chapter of the article describes social harmony theories in two critical theory of Western Marxist society which is the social critical theory and cultural critical theory. Therein, the social harmony theories in social critical three typical theories: research of materialization thought and class consciousness from Lukács; the critical of capitalist system, consideration of humanity and highly praised of the humanitarian from Fromm; the critical that people have no right to pursuit happiness, society turn into a >one-dimensional< society and person turn into a >one-dimensional< person from Marcuse. The social harmony theories in cultural critical theory describe two typical theories: the critical spirit of the Enlightenment and the culture industry from Horkheimer and Adorno; the critical of the one-dimensional culture, positivism and traditional art from Marcuse. These social harmony theories in critical theory all get great achievements and have positive significant for us to develop social harmony theories in a further level.– The third chapter consists of two parts: the enlightenment of Western Marxist social harmony theories to build a harmonious society and introspection from the limitation of Western Marxist social harmony theories. About the enlightenment part, the essay through the research of Western Marxist social harmony theories got lots of useful ideals, such as: we should be made clear that development of a socialist harmonious society should be basic on the common development of political, economic, cultural and ecological; we should continually tap the people's consciousness on development process in order to make people may devote to the building career actively. However, despite the Western Marxist social harmony theories have huge influence for us, the theory itself has its own limitation.– In the last part of the essay, the article briefly describe the introspection from the limitation of Western Marxist social harmony theories in Fromm and Herbert Marcuse's critical theories. There is so much we can learn from Western Marxist social harmony theory, now, many of their theories and ideas have some bias and one -sided point in some degree. So when we learn the Western Marxism social harmony theory, we should avoid biased and the negative part and grasp the sense of proportion in order to build a harmonious society in China in a better way. [Author’s translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Wenxin Tian
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2013
Release Date:2015/12/14
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Tian_Wenxin_2013
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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