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On the Novel Creation of Zhang Xianliang and Its Death Consciousness [论张贤亮的小说创作及其死亡意识], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007.[application of Fromm's theories to art]

  • 本文试图通过文本细读的方式深入体会那个特殊年代带给作家的主观体验和独特感受,从死亡意识这一角度对其文本创作进行再理解。从三个方面的论述展开:一、死亡意识之萌生。在这一部分中,笔者试图追寻作家经历的政治事件中的死亡记忆,找出张贤亮作品之所以存在死亡意象的根本原因。同时结合作家对死亡的书写,表述作家又是如何将这种死亡意象展现给读者的。二、生命体验与>死亡意识<的转变。第二部分根据张贤亮作品中对死亡表现的不同,将其创作划分为三个阶段,即前期的逃避、中期的挣扎及后期的对死亡的深刻反思。通过文本细读,详细分析张贤亮死亡观念的转变,并力图寻找出这种转变的内在原因。三、张贤亮死亡观之哲学观照。根据弗洛伊德、弗洛姆等哲学家对死亡的哲学思考,进一步从理性角度透视张贤亮作品中死亡叙述掩盖下的施虐与受虐情结,及回归洛神,返归母腹的死亡倾向。并从文学主题、语言风格、人物形象等方面概括张贤亮的总体创作情况。
  • Zhang Xianliang is very active in the Chinese literary world in 1980s. As one of the contemporary era writers who first wrote about the hungry, sex, high school students' premature love and city revolution with his unique life experience he was well known by his >self narrate biography< writing style. As one of the most controversial writers in new era, his unique spiritual world which was brought up by 22 years distressful reconstruction course became the non-exhausted source of writing later. During the early days of writing, the writer was wild about the grand narrative words. In virtual of the idea write of >emotion<, >sex< which ultimately pointed to politics embodied his utilitarian objective of >literature as tool<. The write intended to record one generation highbrows' distressful experience and the pursuit of never change until die, selfless dedication by writing individual's destiny. His works mainly express the writer's opinion of socialization which includes strong imply of speaking for society, for public, for revolution, and constantly pour out his misery brought by political movements, the political cause of lofty ideal hard to fulfill and the depress of ambition can't be put to good use. Zhang Xianliang's novels in the 1980s are the focus of research in the common world, which are famous as >Love words in prison<, >Story of old man Xing and dog<, >Spirit and flesh<, >Virescence tree<, >Half of the man is woman<. Along with the opening of revolution, traditional view of value is gradually leaning aside; the pure literature which used to monopolize the literature world is pushed out to the edge, gone forever. The exterior social environment directly results in the desalting and clearing up of the highbrow elites' consciousness. Therefore Zhang Xianliang's evening works also have some changes, his utility color of >literature as tool< has faded out. Instead he paid more attention to the inner struggle, misery and desperation. During this inner change, the writer chose to profoundly self-questioning about the historical incidents, personal experience instead of losing his own writing style during the phase of literature to merchandize, entertainment. His poem >Gale song< says: >If I don't create, don't suffer / if I'm not brave enough, not strong / if I'm not in the vulgar, knowing, bureaucratic circle / be a traitor? Am I a little like myself?< He deserves commend for holding his ground fort his creation of pure literature. Between late 1980s and early 1990s, Zhang Xianliang published novels >Adolescence<, >My puti tree<, >Good morning, friend!<, >Be used to death<, etc., in succession. But they still can't bring the comment world's recognition like former days. This is because the creation idea of the writer, material choose, taste decoration, etc, also affected by the reading taste of the current readers. This paper mainly focuses on the research of Zhang Xianliang's works in 1980s, especially his magnum opus >half of man is woman< and the research of female image in his works, and has reached a comparative high science level. Besides, the leading characters in Zhang Xianliang's works are mostly highbrows, almost all of them are >read man< who are exiled, reformed of criminals through labor, abandoned by society. He connected personal misery with national misery in order to provide personal misery with universal enlighten meaning of transcending the individual. The leading characters Zhang Yonglin, Xulingjun, Shizai, Longzhong, Wei Tiangui and Chen Baotie were both sufferers and heroes who helped theworld, pleaded for the people. The writer related his own miserable experience with national disasters, when talking about politics, >emotive play< is an inevitable par of Zhang Xianliang's works. So there were a series of female images, Mayinghua, Huangxiangjiu, Qiaoanping who served as a foil to male images. This made the forms more complete for the writer to express personal feelings and wishes, it's actually a practical approach to consider era history. As Professor Chen she says, this inevitably adds a layer of imaginary color to those highbrows' sufferer images, which embodies their effort to build highbrow legend between civilian and miaotang. Also it unfolded a kind of crush complex on their own experience of this set of highbrows. The writer particularity spread the suffering scene and psychology contrary of the highbrow, at the same time he expressed incline to hallow the misery of highbrows. The literature world spreads drastic discussion surrounding this kind of incline. Actually, this incline has already changed and even disappeared in Zhang Xianliang's evening works. The author of this paper especially regards and likes >My puti tree<, so quite large length of this paper analyzes this novel quite thoroughly. In fact, most readers neglect an important and pressing angle of view when paying too much attention to the >reform of criminals through labor complex that is too strong to resolve<: consciousness of death. Through some presentative things, we find a lot of descriptions about death in Zhang Xianliang's novels. The purpose of me choosing death complex as the cut-in point of unscrambling Zhang Xianliang's works is to differentiate the analysis of high brows images, female images, text rational color of previous comment papers, here through thoroughly reading the text, we can experience the subjective and unique feeling brought by that special age, and comprehend Zhang Xianliang's text creation again through the consciousness of death point of view. The discussion of this paper is made up of three parts.– 1. The beginning of consciousness of death. In this part, the author tries to search the death memory in the political incidents experienced by the writer, finds out the fundamental reason of consciousness of death in Zhang Xianliang's works. At the same time the author combines the writer's description of death, describes how the writer exhibit this kind of consciousness of death to the readers.– 2. Life experience and change of >consciousness of death<. The second part divides his works into three phases according to the differences of death expression in Zhang Xianliang's works, namely former escape, medium-term struggle and terminal deeply self-questioning. Through reading the text thoroughly, the author analyzes the transition of Zhang Xianliang's death idea in detail, and tries to find out the internal reason that causes this transition.– 3. Philosophy view of Zhang Xianliang's death idea. According to the philosophy thinking of death of Freud, Fromm, etc, the author further perceives the complex of tyrannizing and suffering, the death trend of returning to goddess, returning to mother's belly which are covered by the death narrate in Zhang Xianliang's works from a rational point of view. Looking at all of Zhang Xianliang's works on the contrary, the author sets him a new position in the history of literature from literature theme, lingual style, character image. This kind of cut-in point of research provides a newer point of view for researching Zhang Xianliang which also provides multi ways for researching, deep thinking for science, coexistence of various opinions, and will doubtless make science judgments more objective, justly, drive the development to free search of Zhang Xianliang.

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Metadaten
Author:Yanhua Xu
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2007
Release Date:2014/01/28
Format:no copy existent / keine Kopie vorhanden
IdNo:Xu_Yanhua_2007
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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