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Fromm’s Self Theory and Its Contemporary Significance [弗洛姆的自我理论及其当代意义], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017.

  • 本文通过对弗洛姆的著作的分析,探究了弗洛姆思想的来源与发展沿革过程,系统梳理了弗洛姆对马克思和弗洛伊德思想的吸收和发展,从哲学心理学的角度探讨了弗洛姆自我理论的内容体系和灵感来源。以弗洛姆的哲学为工具结合当代人焦虑的心理特征,孤独的个体状态,异化的消费形式,占有的生存方式等,分析了当代人自我迷失的原因,以及获得自由的办法。文章第一部分介绍了弗洛姆的自我理论形成的思想背景和理论渊源。弗洛姆的理论筑基于马克思思想和弗洛伊德精神分析理论,筑基于马克思关于人、人的本质与发展和弗洛伊德人道主义的精神分析,筑基于精神分析社会文化学派和法兰克福学派等其他心理学及哲学学派。马克思认为资本主义社会造成劳动的异化,劳动异化又带来心理冲突,弗洛姆继承和发展了马克思关于异化的理论,他认为社会生产的异化是造成心理问题的来源之一。在弗洛伊德>无意识理论<及其后继者荣格>集体无意识<的基础上,弗洛姆提出了自己的>社会无意识<理论和>社会性格<等重要概念;受霍尼、沙利文等社会文化学派心理学家的影响,他将社会文化、历史发展等因素融入自己的理论;经历了两次世界大战,弗洛姆对战争和人性有深刻反思,他的著作语言内容直观细腻且不乏准确深刻。弗洛姆终其一生致力于将哲学、心理学、社会学、伦理学等学科结合起来,希图能给迷失的个人和社会的问题找到解决的良方。第二部分介绍的是弗洛姆自我理论的形成与理论基础。弗洛姆融合马克思思想和弗洛伊德思想的人学理论,他希望能实现社会变革和心理变革。弗洛姆思想主要有五个来源:早期的犹太教的影响,这是他心中的博爱精神的源泉;巴霍芬的思想引导弗洛姆寻找人类的爱的道路;弗洛伊德思想的影响,在其创造性的无意识理论基础上发展出>社会无意识<理论;马克思的劳动异化的理论,让弗洛姆意识到社会异化是人产生心理问题的根源;佛教思想的影响,让他把对人灵魂的关注和发扬人的爱和理性的力量作为人生的最高目标。第三部分是关于弗洛姆的自我理论的内容,以及关于当代人自我问题的阐述。这一部分将弗洛姆的自我理论做了系统的归纳和整理。首先梳理了弗洛姆对佛教的有我——无我理论的研究和继承;其次分析了弗洛姆的哲学和心理学的关系;再次,用历时性与共时性的研究方法,把弗洛姆自我理论的内容加以整理,让其理论的发展历程更为清晰,着重分析了他提出的>社会无意识<、>社会性格<、>生存方式<等核心概念;继而描述了当代人的自我迷失及其表现,对自我认识不清,情绪和情感失衡,自私与利己,以消费与享乐作为价值的标准,以及缺乏亲密和真诚之爱;最后根据弗洛姆在其理论中提出的方法,对上述当代人自我迷失的问题进行了诊断并提出了应对策略:获得行动自由,思考自由,重塑人们对生产与消费的认识,破除当代消费异化的迷局,在工作中寻找自我和自我价值感,在爱中寻找自我,用真诚的有创造性的爱与世界建立联系,打破现代城市森林的樊篱,用真爱与博爱消除内心的孤独与焦虑。最后一部分是对于弗洛姆自我理论的评价与思考,着重分析弗洛姆的理论对我们当代人的价值和实践意义。从现代经济发展、政治发展、文化更迭、意识形态变化的角度,分析弗洛姆理论的一些局限性和乌托邦成分;其自我理论的合理性与当代价值;对弗洛姆自我理论的若干思考和追问。弗洛姆毕生做了大量跨学科的研究工作,非常关注人自身、人与人、人与社会等问题,一直致力于融合马克思和弗洛伊德等人的思想,思考关于病态的社会、混乱的人格、战争的形成等问题,并力图寻找能解决这些社会问题、个人问题和世界问题的答案。他对人的本性和生存状态倾注了大量关心,希望通过对社会现状的批判和解析,为解放和拯救人类指引方向,其理论即使跨越大半个世纪,对我们二十一世纪的当代人仍然有很大的参考价值和借鉴意义。
  • [Based on the analysis of his works, this thesis explores the origin and development of Erich Fromm’s thought, systematically analyzes the construction of his understanding and criticism of Marx’s thoughts and Freud’s Thoughts on the basis of integration of individual personality and social character of self theory, especially from the perspective of philosophical psychology content system of Fromm self theory. Then in today’s era and the social and historical background, the author analyzes the current situation of the contemporary people’s self lost, such as the psychological characteristics of anxiety, the individual state of loneliness, the form of alienation of consumption, the way of living, etc. To overcome the series current problems, we can focus on the idea of Fromm’s dialectical theory to help modern people out of psychological lost, methods and ways of life. Moreover, for the existence of egoism and alienation, we should not forget the most important factor in human existence-love. The first part introduces the ideological background and theoretical origin of Fromm’s theory of self formation. Fromm’s theory of building the thought of Marx and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory based on the analysis of the spirit of Marx, built on the human being, nature and human development and humanitarian Freud, based on the spirit of the Frankfurt school and other social cultural psychology and philosophy. Marx believed that the capitalist society caused by the alienation of labor, labor alienation and psychological conflict, Fromm inherited and developed Marx’s theory of alienation, he thought that alienation of social production was one of the sources of psychological problems. In Freud >theory of the unconscious< and his successors Carl Jung >collective unconscious< basis, Fromm put forward the important concept of his >social unconsciousness theory< and >social character<. Influenced by the social and cultural school psychologists, such as Karen Homey and Sullivan, he incorporated social, cultural and historical development into his own theory. After the world war Ⅱ, Fromm had a profound reflection on war and human nature, and his writing language was intuitive and delicate, and there was no lack of accuracy and profundity. Fromm devoted his life to put philosophy, psychology, sociology, ethics and other disciplines together to research personal and social problems and to find some effective solution. The second part of the thesis introduces the formation and theoretical basis of Fromm’s theory of self. Fromm, integrated Marx’s and Freud’s theory of human nature, hoped to achieve social change and psychological change. Fromm thought there are five main sources: the impact of early Judaism, this was the source of his heart the spirit of love; the thought of Bachofen led Fromm to find the road of human love; the influence of Freud’s ideas, in the unconscious theory of the creative development of >social unconsciousness< theory of Marx’s labor alienation; Fromm realized that alienation is the source of social people have psychological problems; the influence of Buddhist thought, let him put on the soul of concern and attention to people’s love and the power of reason as the highest goal of life. The third part is about the content of Fromm’s theory of self, as well as the exposition of the contemporary man’s self. In this part, Fromm’s theory of self is systematically summarized and arranged. Firstly, it introduces Fromm of Buddhism […]; then followed by analysis of the relationship between Fromm’s philosophy and psychology; thirdly, with the diachronic and synchronic research methods, the Fromm theory of self content to arrange, let the theory development process more clearly, analyze the >social unconsciousness< and <social character<, >survival mode< and other core concepts; then describes the self lost and relevant performance of contemporary people, the self understanding of emotions and emotional imbalance, selfishness and egoism, consumption and enjoyment as a standard of value, and the lack of intimacy and sincere love; finally according to the method proposed in Fromm theory, carried on the diagnosis of the contemporary people lost problems and puts forward the countermeasures for freedom of action, thinking freedom, reshape the understanding of production and consumption, get rid of the alienation of contemporary consumption puzzle, self seeking and self worth in the work, find oneself in love, with sincere creative love to establish contact with the world, breaking the barriers of modern city forest with love, universal love and true love can eliminate inner loneliness and anxiety of human. The last part is the evaluation and reflection of Fromm’s theory of self, focusing on the value and practical significance of Fromm’s theory to our contemporary people. From the modern economic development, political development, cultural change, ideology change perspective, analysis of some limitations and utopia component of Fromm’s theory and its contemporary value is made; also on self theory; on some thinking and questioning Fromm’s self theory. Fromm had done a lot of research across disciplines in his lifetime, had paid close attention to people themselves, people and people, people and society, and had been committed to the integration of Marx and Freud’s thought, thinking about the morbid society, confusion of personality, the formation of war and other issues, and tried to find the solution to these social and personal problems. He focused on the nature of human existence and devoted a lot of care, hoped through the social status of the criticism and analysis, and guided the direction for the liberation of human salvation. Even more than half a century, for the people of our twenty-first Century, the theory still have great reference value and significance. [Author’s translation]

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Metadaten
Author:Mengbei Xu
Document Type:Dissertations
Language:Chinese
Year of first Publication:2017
Release Date:2019/03/04
Format:no download and copy possible
IdNo:Xu_Mengbei_2017
Writings about Erich Fromm (Secondary Literature):Dissertations / Dissertationen
Erich Fromm's Library and Erich Fromm Archive:Dissertations / Dissertationen
Licence (German):
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