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We consider complex dynamical systems showing metastable behavior but no local separation of fast and slow time scales. The article raises the question of whether such systems exhibit a low-dimensional manifold supporting its effective dynamics. For answering this question, we aim at finding nonlinear coordinates, called reaction coordinates, such that the projection of the dynamics onto these coordinates preserves the dominant time scales of the dynamics. We show that, based on a specific reducibility property, the existence of good low-dimensional reaction coordinates preserving the dominant time scales is guaranteed. Based on this theoretical framework, we develop and test a novel numerical approach for computing good reaction coordinates. The proposed algorithmic approach is fully local and thus not prone to the curse of dimension with respect to the state space of the dynamics. Hence, it is a promising method for data-based model reduction of complex dynamical systems such as molecular dynamics.
We consider complex dynamical systems showing metastable behavior but no local
separation of fast and slow time scales. The article raises the question of whether
such systems exhibit a low-dimensional manifold supporting its effective dynamics.
For answering this question, we aim at finding nonlinear coordinates, called reaction
coordinates, such that the projection of the dynamics onto these coordinates preserves
the dominant time scales of the dynamics. We show that, based on a specific
reducibility property, the existence of good low-dimensional reaction coordinates
preserving the dominant time scales is guaranteed. Based on this theoretical framework,
we develop and test a novel numerical approach for computing good reaction
coordinates. The proposed algorithmic approach is fully local and thus not prone to
the curse of dimension with respect to the state space of the dynamics. Hence, it is
a promising method for data-based model reduction of complex dynamical systems
such as molecular dynamics.
Information about the behavior of dynamical systems can often be obtained by analyzing the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of linear operators associated with a dynamical system. Examples of such operators are the Perron-Frobenius and the Koopman operator. In this paper, we will review different methods that have been developed over the last decades to compute infinite-dimensional approximations of these infinite-dimensional operators - in particular Ulam's method and Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) - and highlight the similarities and differences between these approaches. The results will be illustrated using simple stochastic differential equations and molecular dynamics examples.