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Potassium is fundamental for cell functioning including signal transduction, acid-base- and water-metabolism.
Since diet of dairy cows is generally rich in potassium, hypokalemia was not in the focus of research for long time. Furthermore, hypokalemia was not frequently diagnosed because blood potassium content is difficult to measure. In recent years, measurement methods have been improved. Nowadays hypokalemia is increasingly diagnosed in cows with disorders such as abomasal displacement, ketosis or down cow syndrome, calling for intensified research on this topic.
In this report we describe the development of a basic mechanistic, dynamic model of potassium balance based on ordinary differential and algebraic equations. Parameter values are obtained from data of a clinical trial in which potassium balance and the influence of therapeutic intervention in glucose and electrolyte metabolism on potassium balance in non-lactating dairy cows were studied. The model is formulated at a high abstraction level and includes information and hypotheses from literature. This work represents a first step towards the understanding and design of effective prophylactic feed additives and treatment strategies.
Mathematical modeling of the Smad and Non-Smad BMP signaling pathways in context of cell density
(2013)
Knochenremodellierung beinhaltet den Auf- und Abbau der Knochenmasse durch die verschiedenen Knochenzellen und findet fast überall, auch am Skelett Erwachsener, statt. Für die Erneuerung der Knochensubstanz sind die Osteoblasten zuständig. Sie ersetzen exakt die Menge der Knochenmasse, welche zuvor durch Osteoklasten abgebaut wurde. Störungen dieses, durch viele Faktoren beeinflussten Prozesses führen zu pathologischen Veränderungen, beispielsweise zu Osteoporose oder Arthritis.
Auf der Grundlage analysierter publizierter Modelle wurde ein Modell entwickelt, welches den Einfluss einiger dieser Faktoren realistisch abbildet. Auf diese Weise kann die Wirkung von basalem PTH, des RANKL-OPG-Systems ( RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, OPG: Osteoprotegerin) und des Estradiols auf den Knochenstoffwechsel am vorgestellten System untersucht werden.
Außerdem wurde durch Estradiolmangel hervorgerufene Osteoporose und der kurative Effekt von synthetischen Medikamenten wie Estradiol oder intermittierend verabreichtem PTH modelliert.
Mit der Parameterschätzung anhand des Gauß-Newton-Verfahrens wird des Weiteren eine Methode vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, mathematische Modelle bestmöglich durch Variation der Parameterwerte an experimentelle Daten anzupassen. Das am Zuse-Institut Berlin entwickelte Softwarepaket POEM wendet diesen Algorithmus an und wird ebenfalls erläutert.
Fuzzy spectral clustering by PCCA+: application to Markov state models and data classification
(2013)
A deterministic model of tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Cameroon in particular including lack of access to the treatment and weak diagnose capacity is designed and analyzed with respect to its transmission dynamics.
The model includes both frequency- and density-dependent transmissions. It is shown that the model is mathematically well-posed and epidemiologically reasonable. Solutions are non-negative and bounded whenever the initial values are non-negative.
A sensitivity analysis of model parameters is performed and most sensitive parameters of the model are identified using a state-of-the-art Gauss-Newton
Method. In particular, parameters representing the proportion of individuals having access to medical facilities have a large impact on the dynamics of the disease. It has been shown that an increase of these parameter values over the
time can significantly reduce the disease burden in the population within the next 15 years.