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Electronic Government ist die Nutzung elektronischer Medien zur Einbindung von Bürgern, Unternehmen und Behörden in das Verwaltungshandeln. Es soll die Durchführung von Prozessen der öffentlichen Willensbildung, der Entscheidung und der Leistungserstellung in Politik, Staat und Verwaltung modern und kundenorientiert gestalten. Welche Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen mit der Einführung elektronisch gestützter Dienstleistungen und Online-Services seitens der öffentlichen Verwaltung verbunden sind, beschreibt dieser Artikel.
Die Bibliothek der TH Wildau südöstlich von Berlin zwischen Köpenick und Königs Wusterhausen hat eine bewegte Vergangenheit. Für ihre quirlige Gegenwart und die Zukunft ist sie bestens gerüstet. Sieben Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter auf fünf Vollzeit- und zwei Projektstellen lassen sich neben den herkömmlichen Bibliotheksaufgaben mit großem Elan auf Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte mit Studierenden, Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern von anderen Fachbereichen der Technischen Hochschule ebenso ein wie auf ein aktives Kulturprogramm und außergewöhnliche Kooperationen z.B. mit der Gemeindebibliothek. RFID-Funktechnologie, QR-Codes und Multimediaguide unterstützen in dem denkmalgeschützten, 1921 als Verladehalle für Lokomotiven gebauten und aufwändig restaurierten Bibliotheksbau die Medienorganisation und die Bibliotheksbenutzung. Cafeteria und Mensa sind im Erdgeschoss untergebracht und der Lesesaal ist auch schon mal Ziel einer Geocaching-Aufgabe. Ihre Innovationskraft und der exemplarische Einsatz moderner Technologien haben der Wildauer Hochschulbibliothek in diesem Jahr den nationalen Bibliothekspreis des dbv und der Zeit-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius eingebracht: Sie ist die „Bibliothek des Jahres 2012“. ein schöner Anlass für einen etwas anderen Baubericht nicht nur über die Entstehungsgeschichte, sondern auch die (nicht ausschließlich positiven) Praxiserfahrungen aus den fünf Jahren seit dem Bezug des ästhetischen Funktionsbaus mit seinen historischen Wurzeln.
Tumor development is known to be a stepwise process involving dynamic changes that affect cellular integrity and cellular behavior. This complex interaction between genomic organization and gene, as well as protein expression is not yet fully understood. Tumor characterization by gene expression analyses is not sufficient, since expression levels are only available as a snapshot of the cell status. So far, research has mainly focused on gene expression profiling or alterations in oncogenes, even though DNA microarray platforms would allow for high-throughput analyses of copy number alterations (CNAs).
The use of a priori knowledge in the alignment of targeted sequencing data is investigated using computational experiments. Adapting a Needleman–Wunsch algorithm to incorporate the genomic position information from the targeted capture, we demonstrate that alignment can be done to just the target region of interest. When in addition use is made of direct string comparison, an improvement of up to a factor of 8 in alignment speed compared to the fastest conventional aligner (Bowtie) is obtained. This results in a total alignment time in targeted sequencing of around 7 min for aligning approximately 56 million captured reads. For conventional aligners such as Bowtie, BWA or MAQ, alignment to just the target region is not feasible as experiments show that this leads to an additional 88% SNP calls, the vast majority of which are false positives (∼92%).
Tardigrades have fascinated researchers for more than 300 years because of their extraordinary capability to undergo cryptobiosis and survive extreme environmental conditions. However, the survival mechanisms of tardigrades are still poorly understood mainly due to the absence of detailed knowledge about the proteome and genome of these organisms. Our study was intended to provide a basis for the functional characterization of expressed proteins in different states of tardigrades. High-throughput, high-accuracy proteomics in combination with a newly developed tardigrade specific protein database resulted in the identification of more than 3000 proteins in three different states: early embryonic state and adult animals in active and anhydrobiotic state. This comprehensive proteome resource includes protein families such as chaperones, antioxidants, ribosomal proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, transporters, protein channels, nutrient reservoirs, and developmental proteins. A comparative analysis of protein families in the different states was performed by calculating the exponentially modified protein abundance index which classifies proteins in major and minor components. This is the first step to analyzing the proteins involved in early embryonic development, and furthermore proteins which might play an important role in the transition into the anhydrobiotic state.
Nanocomposite films consisting of gold inclusions in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix were obtained by thermal vacuum deposition. Annealing of the obtained films with different temperatures was used to measure varying of film morphologies. The dependence of optical properties of the films on their morphology was studied. It was established that absorption and profile of the nanocomposite film obtained by thermal vacuum deposition can be changed with annealing owing to the fact that different annealing temperatures lead to different average particle sizes. A method to calculate the optical properties of nanocomposite thin films with inclusions of different sizes was proposed. Thus, comparison of experimental optical spectra with the spectra obtained during the simulation enables estimating average sizes of inclusions. The calculations give the possibility of understanding morphological changes in the structures.
Random mutagenesis is a useful tool to genetically modify organisms for various purposes, such as adaptation to cultivation conditions, the induction of tolerances, or increased yield of valuable substances. This is especially attractive for systems where it is not obvious which genes require modifications. Random mutagenesis has been extensively used to modify crop plants, but even with the renewed interest in microalgae and cyanobacteria for biofuel applications, there is relatively limited current research available on the application of random mutagenesis for these organisms, especially for cyanobacteria. In the presented work we characterized the lethality and rate of non-lethal point mutations for ultraviolet radiation and methyl methanesulphonate on the model cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Based on these results an optimal dosage of 10–50 J/m2 for UV and either 0.1 or 1 v% for MMS was determined. A Synechocystis wildtype culture was then mutagenized and selected for increased temperature tolerance in vivo. During the second round of mutagenesis the viability of the culture was monitored on a cell by cell level from the treatment of the cells up to the growth at an increased temperature. After four distinct rounds of treatment (two with each mutagen) the temperature tolerance of the strain was effectively raised by about 2°C. Coupled with an appropriate in vivo screening, the described methods should be applicable to induce a variety of desirable characteristics in various strains. Coupling random mutagenesis with high-throughput screening methods would additionally allow to select for important characteristics for biofuel production, which do not yield a higher fitness and can not be selected for in vivo, such as fatty acid concentration. In a combined approach with full genome sequencing random mutagenesis could be used to determine suitable target-genes for more focused methods.
The microarray technology has become an established approach for large-scale gene expression analysis with mature protocols for sample, microarray, and data processing. The maize oligonucleotide array (maizearray) is one of the few microarray platforms designed for genome-wide gene expression analysis in Zea mays L. Many datas-ets addressing various genetic, physiological and developmental topics generated with this platform are available. The original 57,452 microarray probes were compiled based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Meanwhile the maize genome sequence became available providing the possibility for an improved annotation of the microar-ray probe set. In this study we determined the genome positions of all maizearray probes to obtain current gene annotations and generated current Gene Ontology (GO) annotations. These new data allow tracing redundancy of the probe set and interfering cross-hybridizations, and doubled the number of genes with functional GO data. Our re-annotation will largely improve the functional analysis of available and future datasets generated on this microarray platform.
The water adsorption properties of modified porous sorbents for solar thermal energy storage and heat transformation have been investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) differential thermogravimetry (DTG), microcalorimetry, measurements of water adsorption isotherms, and storage tests. A chabazite type SAPO, a dealuminated faujasite type zeolite, and a mesostructured aluminosilicate, have been synthesized and compared with common zeolites X, Y and silica gel. It has been found that optimized lattice composition and pore architecture contribute to well adapt hydrophilic properties and a beneficial steep isotherm.