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In Zeiten des demografischen Wandels, den damit verbundenen Herausforderungen für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme und einem drohenden Mangel an Fachkräften gewinnt eine Verlängerung der Lebensarbeitszeit zunehmend an Bedeutung. In Anlehnung an die Kontinuitätstheorie (Atchley 1989) wird davon ausgegangen, dass Individuen, die mit ihren Strukturen und Leistungen zufrieden sind, länger im Beruf verweilen. Daher wird untersucht, ob Motivation und wahrgenommene Leistungsfähigkeit einen Einfluss auf den Weiterbeschäftigungswunsch haben. Darüber hinaus soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob Faktoren, die einen positiven Einfluss auf Motivation und Leistungsfähigkeit haben, auch einen direkten Einfluss auf die Weiterbeschäftigung zeigen. Neben objektiven Faktoren wie Unternehmensgröße und Stellung im Beruf werden subjektive Faktoren, wie z.B. Einschätzung der Anerkennung, der Anforderungen und der Sinnhaftigkeit der Tätigkeit, auf ihren Erklärungsbeitrag, überprüft. Die folgende Analyse basiert auf einer Befragung, die im Mai 2008 zusammen mit dem Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB) durchgeführt wurde. Sie ermöglicht, die Weiterbeschäftigungswünsche im Alter, die vorhandene Arbeitsmotivation und den Gesundheitszustand zu identifi zieren. Die zentralen Ergebnisse der statistischen Analyse zeigen, dass bei Männern eine hohe Motivation mit dem Wunsch nach einer Weiterbeschäftigung im Rentenalter verknüpft ist. Auf Frauen trifft dies nicht zu, für sie ist die Leistungsfähigkeit das entscheidende Kriterium. Generell zeigt sich, dass eine positive Einschätzung der subjektiven Einflussfaktoren die Arbeitsmotivation stärkt. Darüber hinaus wurde bezüglich der objektiven Faktoren ermittelt, dass bei den Männern das Arbeitszeitregime (Vollbeschäftigung) und die berufliche Stellung (Angestellte) positiv mit dem Weiterbeschäftigungswunsch korrelieren. Insbesondere eine sinnvolle Tätigkeit bei den Männern und die Leistungsfähigkeit bei Frauen erhöhen die Motivation. Für Unternehmen erscheint es wichtig, Mitarbeiter von der Sinnhaftigkeit der Tätigkeit zu überzeugen.
The Role of Job related Factors to Prolong Working Life: An Analysis for the German Labour Market
(2012)
Labour markets and companies in some developed countries have to consider general demographic changes. While the group of elderly workers grows, their sustainment will become more important in future (e.g. Höhn et al. 2008; Dittrich et al. 2011). Especially in combination with an ageing population and a later entrance into the labour market a future shortfall of active workers can be assumed. Germany – as one example of such countries – has only a limited number of options that policy makers and companies can use in the coming decades. One of these is the increased use of the three growing segments in the population: older people, immigrants and an increased participation of women in the labour market. This study focuses the first segment as a potential work force. When promoting that a higher employment rate of older workers can be considered as serious alternative for dealing with the current shortfall of skilled labour force, the motivation of these workers has to be investigated. The works of Alavinia et al. (2007) and Wang, Shultz (2010), which discuss factors influencing the decision to prolong the working age, can be used as starting point. In this context, we analyse the German labour market as an example for a developed country. For the analysis, we use a representative data set of the Federal Institute for Population Research of Germany from published in2008. Here, 1,500 employees (blue collar workers, white collar workers, civil servants) aged between 55 and 64 years were asked about their work situation, motivation and related factors (e.g. further education, job rewards; Büsch et al. 2010). During the data analysis we identify groups of elderly workers using cluster analysis (e.g. Cormack 1971) to develop recommendations for companies. By using existing work motivation and related findings, as well as a representative empirical data set, our study reveals a possibility to identify, classify, and enhance the motivation of workers at the end of their career. This is necessary to keep the quality of goods and service production at an appropriate level. The value of the paper comes from the large number of respondents of the data set and the high relevance of the German situation for other developed countries. At the end, powerful recommendations for companies how to involve and motivate elderly workers for longer periods of employment can be derived.
The social security system and the labour market face new challenges due to demographic change. Low replacement fertility and rising life expectancy in the past have shaped age composition in Germany so that the birth cohorts of the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, the so called “baby-boomers”, are the largest group in the German population. This group will retire in the near future. Low fertility will lead to a decreasing number of young workers. Replacement of older workers leaving the labour force by young people will become more difficult.
Berlin ist eine der großen europäischen Hauptstädte mit einem breiten Angebot an öffentlichen Dienstleistungen (Public Services). 2003 hat der Berliner Senat den „Landesbetrieb für Gebäudebewirtschaftung" (LfG) gegründet, der die Facility Management Aktivitäten des Landes bündelt. Seit 2005 wird zusammen mit der TU Berlin der Einsatz innovativer Informations-technologien (IT) in diesem Bereich konsequent erweitert. Die Kombination aus einer unauffälligen (unobtrusiven) IT-Infrastruktur und einer flächendeckenden und kontextbezogenen Einsetzbarkeit wird oft als ambient bezeichnet und stellt sehr spezifische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktionen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Gestaltung eines Systems für die Ver- und Entsorgung als Teil der Facility Management Aufgaben beschrieben. Ausgehend von der Beschreibung unseres Vorgehensmodells zur Erhebung der Ist-Prozesse und Usability Evaluation, werden in einem zweiten Schritt Nutzerprofile erstellt und die Ist-Prozesse um diese erweitert. Die zweite Hälfte des Beitrags beschreibt das eingeführte, ambiente Ver- und Entsorgungssystem, zusammen mit einigen Interaktionsszenarien. Abschließend erfolgt eine Evaluierung der Wirtschaftlichkeit und der Usability des Systems.
Bei der Datenerhebung und -verarbeitung durch AAL-Infrastruktur im Pflegesektor sind rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen zu prüfen, die die Nutzung der Messdaten juristisch zulässig machen. Hierzu wurden die in der praxisnahen Pflegeliteratur dargestellten Rechtsnormen zusammengefasst und kategorisiert. Somit ließ sich ermitteln, welche Daten als schützenswert zu definieren und mit welchen Sicherungsmaßnahmen zu versehen sind. Auf dieser Basis kann ein Ansatz präsentiert werden, der eine rechtlich unbedenkliche Absicherung aller technischen Elemente bei der Implementierung einer AAL-Infrastruktur in der Pflege ermöglicht.
Composability is a sought after property. However, whereas there is usually an intuitive understanding of this concept, a clear definition has been frequently missing.
In this paper, we refine our concept of composability given in. We see composability as a property of an architecture not of systems. In addition, we do not want to reduce composability to the functional specification; rather, we are focusing on how composability effects the nonfunctional properties, especially the composed system's real-time behavior, its reliability, its security, etc. We see the advantage of our approach in having a wide application domain. It works for functional and non-functional properties, it may consider both, hardware and software, and it allows for a description of composition anomalies.
In this paper, we show how to apply our concept to an embedded hardware-software co-designed architecture and to composition and decomposition of dependable services in embedded environments.
CERO: CE RObots Community
(2005)
We describe our experience creating a robots community using standard hardware and software - the Windows CE operating system, XScale development boards, and LEGO Mindstorm actuators. We focus on an open and extendable distributed robotics system, which in contrast to most existing proprietary robotics systems, supports cost-effective integration and assembly of components while providing dependable communication and coordination. To demonstrate feasibility we have developed the CERO Framework for ad hoc cooperation in robots communities employing a service-oriented architecture with the main building blocks: ad hoc networking for different wireless technologies (e.g., Bluetooth, WLAN, or 433 MHz radio communication), a protocol for interconnecting development board and actuators, and a CE.NET based software framework supporting complex movements, consensus protocols, cooperation, and positioning. It offers high-level interfaces for programming complex tasks in cooperative robotics. We also present an overview of intended applications.
The emergence of the Internet of Services and the Internet of Devices opens new possibilities for societal computung scenarios. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a vision of an environment that puts the needs of the user in the center of the technological design process. An AmI environment consists of ubiquitous distributed devices such as sensors, displays, data memories which are embedded in everyday objects like walls, clothes, tables or the pavement. These devices are interconnected and seamlessly deliver applications and services to the user. AmI emphasizes the intelligence of the environments interfaces and the intelligence that can be achieved by correlating context information from different data sources. In this work we present an approach to transfer the AmI vision to the public services sector using the paradigm of service orientation and Cloud Computing. Based on scenarios in the healthcare sector the benefits and challenges of such transfer are presented.
In this report we present an architectural approach to add quality-of-service (QoS) assurance and location awareness to service-based systems within existing clinical infrastructures. To address typical design requirements of such systems (e.g., cooperating services, performance and availability) the work proposes a service-oriented architecture (SOA) as architectural concept and architectural translucency to provide stable QoS. We evaluate position sensing systems, QoS assurance approaches and present design principles for service-based health care applications. Furthermore, we present a clinical application scenario and an architectural approach to integrate existing infrastructure into a human centric assistance system.
Cloud computing, especially Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), changes the IT processes of companies for application deployment, access, usage, maintenance, governance and management. In an age of Bring-Your-Own-Device, small businesses through to globally operating companies increasingly support their employees and customers with SaaS-applications that allow access to internal and external business information. Whether employees are in the office, at a client facility, at home or on the road, they need fast, easy access to business applications with any type of device.
SaaS offers companies an interesting alternative to classical on-premise IT solutions. Cloud computing provides innovative applications, high connectivity and performance, cost reduction, flexibility and fast time to market with a minimum of effort. Cloud computing is a special form of outsourcing that has its roots in the fifties. Ten years ago similar concepts to cloud computing e.g. Application Service Providing (ASP) appeared and failed. But it seems that the willingness to use cloud computing is now much higher and the cost pressure effects of the financial crisis also motivate decision makers in companies to focus on cloud computing.
This contribution presents the results of actual scientific literature investigations alongside interviews with owners of Software-as-a-Service Marketplaces. It describes several types of SaaS marketplaces using different business models to bring together customers and providers. It shows that SaaS marketplaces are two-sided and demonstrates how platforms are emerging that bundle features into significant value propositions for both sides.
This work is relevant to firms who seek business solution recommendations beyond the focus of their on-premise-focussed advisors. It is also relevant for owners and potential owners of SaaS marketplaces and SaaS providers exploring alternatives in their distribution mix.
We present MagicMap, a cooperative, hybrid positioning system developed at the Humboldt-University in Berlin. While most other positioning systems are limited to specific scenarios and technologies our system provides means to incorporate any available wireless networking technology. Currently, MagicMap supports WLAN, RFID, and ZigBee as wireless technologies for positioning and Linux, Windows, and Windows CE as platforms. Position calculation and exchange is based on a cooperative approach allowing an open internet community to share the required data.
Cloud-Computing, insbesondere „Software as a Service (SaaS)“ und „Platform as a Service (PaaS)“ ist zugleich Herausforderung und Chance für IT-Anwender. Marktplatz-Ansätze aus der Welt der mobilen Applikationen (App Stores) können eine Grundlage für die Vermarktung von Software-Diensten darstellen. Ihre Konzepte lassen sich jedoch nur durch eine erweiterte Betrachtung von funktionalen und nicht-funktionalen Aspekten der webbasierten Dienste in die Welt des Cloud Computing übertragen.
Application Stores und Marktplätze für webbasierte Dienste (z.B. Asperado, Cloud-Portal, Software-Marktplatz) helfen bei Identifizierung und Bewertung der Angebote und bei der Kommunikation mit potentiellen Kunden.
What processes must have taken place so that HR managers or operations managers somehow ‘know’ that they have to do things differently from the way they did things five or fifteen years ago? How do they learn what the latest management trends are? The creation and diffusion of management theories and practice is generally viewed as a three stage process: business schools and consulting firms produce the knowledge, the business press disseminates it, and then there is a process of legitimization as these theories become part of ‘common sense’ and form the standard managerial discourse through their representation in non-business media. An ever increasing amount of attention has been paid to the first two of these stages, but relatively little has been paid to how management knowledge might be diffused through other methods. This paper is an attempt to address this gap.
This paper determines the relevance of industrial property rights to the development of innovations in the fashion industry. It examines how the level of innovation can remain high despite a free exchange of intellectual property – fashion designs – within the industry:
The importance of innovation for a fashion business in the industry is determined by the choice of it’s competitive strategy. That is, either to be an innovator who creates fashion innovations or to be an imitator who adopts them once they have proven their ability to prevail in the market. The success of innovators depends largely on their ability to react to fashion trends, reinforced by the social role
of fashion products and to the extent of their potential to confer status on the owner. Thus the duration of a temporary monopoly gained by an innovation is limited not only by the market entrance of imitators – a period of time that
can be prolonged by making use of industrial property rights protection – but also by the constant changes in fashion, a process barely affected by the utilization
of intellectual property rights protection. A monopoly maintained by using intellectual property rights might very well not extend the product life cycle beyond the limits posed by the shifting changes of fashion; moreover, an extended life cycle maintained in these circumstances could seriously limit the innovators agility in satisfying consumer demand in line with fashion trends and provoke an inappropriate allocation of resources to developing unfashionable innovations, resulting in a much greater risk of product failure.
Many companies use business process modeling to support various improvements initiatives leading to an increasing number of process models. Typically, these models are stored in a collection containing several hundreds of process models. In many cases, process models are overlapping, although parts could be easily reused saving costs and efforts. Different labeling styles and evolving process models complicate the detec- tion of reusable model parts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the detection of equivalent and similar process model parts that ex- ploits semantic comparison of activity labels and behavioral comparison of control flow. We evaluate our approach on the SAP Reference Model, a collection with 604 process models. The evaluation reveals insights for the thresholds of semantic and behavioral similarity of process models as well as their influence for similar process part detection. Hence, we identify five candidate groups with specific similarity properties that contain reoccurring process parts.