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The mixed-signal event-driven (MixED) simulationalgorithm using standard VHDL is capable of modelinga number of analog and mixed-signal problems in digital circuits, e.g. RCL networks representing pads or wires, charge pumps, dynamic logic, voltage-controlledoscillators, phase-locked loops, etc. Important featuresare single-kernel simulation as well as rapid A/D andD/A interfacing.
This paper demonstrates the simulation of a phase-locked loop (PLL), which is one of the most interesting applications of the MixED method. Many digital designs contain a PLL as only mixed-signal building block. The MixED method allows to simulate such designs with standard VHDL.
This paper describes a very-high-speed integrated-circuit hardware description language (VHDL)-based analog-node model, an associated driver component for the mixed-signal event-driven (MixED) simulation technique, and some primitive device models applied to radio-frequency integrated circuits. With the presented MixED method, analog circuits are modeled as a composition of controlled sources. Unlike other VHDL-based analog simulation methods, these MixED sources compute not only a real number representing an output voltage but also an output impedance. This allows the outputs of several MiXED sources to be connected in order to drive the same node signal n . The voltage of this record-type signal is automatically computed at its element n . u by resolution functions in compliance with Kirchhoff's current law. The data structure of the node signal n , its self-defined resolution functions, and an associated driver component are presented and discussed to meet different simulation requirements, such as speed, versatility, current accuracy, and adaptive time stepping. Several examples demonstrate how to behaviorally model mixed-signal components with this method with an emphasis on the simulation of a heterodyne receiver. Simulation speeds are compared to VHDL-AMS tools.
This communication contemplates political, biological and technical aspects for efficient and profitable irrigation in sustainable agriculture. A standard for irrigation components is proposed. The need for many, and three-dimensionally distributed, soil measurement points is explained, thus enabling the control of humidity in selected layers of earth. Combined wireless and wired data transmission is proposed. Energy harvesting and storage together with mechanical sensor construction are discussed.
A sensor technology for tracking soil-moisture in agricultural fields is presented. A linear measurement method was developed to satisfy the need for cheap sensors with wide range of capacitance change such as factor 30. A combined wired and wireless network transmits data to a server. Various battery aspects are compared with respect to use in agriculture.