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Design and performance evaluation of a nearly zero-energy office building in a cold climate

  • Energy independence of commercial buildings is a critical aspect of modern construction. In the context of a planned office building project in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan, located in an extreme climate with unstable coal energy tariffs, it is necessary to determine the energy needs and understand how to cover them. This thesis focuses on determining the level of efficiency in the use of electricity, reducing dependence on local energy suppliers, and integrating alternative sources. The energy assessment was carried out using software tools such as Autodesk Revit and DesignBuilder, which allow the integration of building information modeling (BIM), building energy modeling (BEM) and energy supply modeling (ESM) to optimize the energy design. The results of commercial projects aimed at achieving nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) standards have informed the development of two energy concepts, both aiming to decrease dependency on district heating networks. These concepts encompass electrical and thermal concepts. In the electricalEnergy independence of commercial buildings is a critical aspect of modern construction. In the context of a planned office building project in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan, located in an extreme climate with unstable coal energy tariffs, it is necessary to determine the energy needs and understand how to cover them. This thesis focuses on determining the level of efficiency in the use of electricity, reducing dependence on local energy suppliers, and integrating alternative sources. The energy assessment was carried out using software tools such as Autodesk Revit and DesignBuilder, which allow the integration of building information modeling (BIM), building energy modeling (BEM) and energy supply modeling (ESM) to optimize the energy design. The results of commercial projects aimed at achieving nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) standards have informed the development of two energy concepts, both aiming to decrease dependency on district heating networks. These concepts encompass electrical and thermal concepts. In the electrical concept, the air-water heat pump (AWHP) and electric boiler demonstrated better energy efficiency compared to the thermal concept, which utilized a biomass boiler in conjunction with solar thermal collectors (STC) to mitigate the impact of coal-fired electricity. In addition to reducing energy dependence in the air handling unit (AHU), it is proposed to introduce a ground water-to-water heat pump (GWWHP), which is connected to the surface exchanger to capture heat leaks from central heating networks. A comparative analysis of installations without and with heating recovery unit (HRU) shows a fivefold reduction in electricity consumption for heating supply air. Solar technologies, including STC and photovoltaic (PV) panels, are integrated into each concept, but the limited use of STC makes a PV system the preferred option. The decisions made during the modeling process resulted in a fourfold reduction in the office building's average annual consumption compared to government requirements. Selection of energy efficient equipment and modeling led to nZEB classification for both concepts, achieving renewable energy system (RES) penetration rate from 16% to 33% of total consumption. Economic analysis using the annuity method highlights the cost-effectiveness of rooftop PV systems compared to façade PV systems. In addition, wood pellets and solar heat help reduce costs in the thermal concept. The environmental analysis shows the significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions achieved by the thermal concept, highlighting the importance of alternative energy sources for sustainable urban development.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author:Igor Baluev
Language:English
Document Type:Master's Thesis
Reviewer(s) at THI:Tobias Schrag, Wilfried Zörner
Publishing Institution:Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt
Date of first Publication:2023/12/12
Year of first Publication:2023
Place of publication:Ingolstadt
Pages:VIII, 75
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45192
Faculties / Institutes / Organizations:Fakultät Maschinenbau
Degree Programmes:Renewable Energy Systems (M. Sc.)
Licence (German):License Logo Urheberrechtsschutz
Release Date:2024/02/26