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Taming the eHMI jungle: A classification taxonomy to guide, compare, and assess the design principles of automated vehicles' external human-machine interfaces

  • There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity. To facilitate such interactions, researchers and designers have explored designs, and this line of work has yielded several concepts of external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) for vehicles. Literature and media review reveals that the description of interfaces is often lacking in fidelity or details of their functionalities in specific situations, which makes it challenging to understand the originating concepts. There is also a lack of a universal understanding of the various dimensions of a communication interface, which has impeded a consistent and coherent addressal of the different aspects of the functionalities of such interface concepts. In this paper, we present a unified taxonomy that allowsa systematic comparison of the eHMI across 18 dimensions, covering their physical characteristics and communication aspects from the perspective of human factors and human-machine interaction. We analyzed andThere is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity. To facilitate such interactions, researchers and designers have explored designs, and this line of work has yielded several concepts of external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) for vehicles. Literature and media review reveals that the description of interfaces is often lacking in fidelity or details of their functionalities in specific situations, which makes it challenging to understand the originating concepts. There is also a lack of a universal understanding of the various dimensions of a communication interface, which has impeded a consistent and coherent addressal of the different aspects of the functionalities of such interface concepts. In this paper, we present a unified taxonomy that allowsa systematic comparison of the eHMI across 18 dimensions, covering their physical characteristics and communication aspects from the perspective of human factors and human-machine interaction. We analyzed and coded 70eHMI concepts according to this taxonomy to portray the state of the art and highlight the relative maturity of different contributions. The results point to a number of unexplored research areas that could inspire future work. Additionally, we believe that our proposed taxonomy can serve as a checklist for user interface designers and researchers when developing their interfaces.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author:Debargha DeyORCiD, Azra Habibovic, Andreas LöckenORCiD, Philipp WintersbergerORCiD, Bastian PflegingORCiD, Andreas RienerORCiD, Marieke Martens, Jacques Terken
Language:English
Document Type:Article
Year of first Publication:2020
published in (English):Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Publisher:Elsevier
Place of publication:Amsterdam
ISSN:2590-1982
Volume:2020
Issue:7
Pages:24
Article Number:100174
Review:peer-review
Open Access:ja
Version:published
Tag:Automated vehicle; External human-machine interface; Human factors; Human-computer interaction; Pedestrian; Taxonomy; Vulnerable road user
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9241
Related Identifier:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100174
Faculties / Institutes / Organizations:Fakultät Informatik
CARISSMA Institute of Automated Driving (C-IAD)
Human-Computer Interaction Group (HCIG)
Licence (German):License Logo Creative Commons BY 4.0
Release Date:2021/10/12