Anmelden

Open Access

  • Startseite
  • Suchen
  • Browsen
  • Veröffentlichen
  • Hilfe
  • Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM
  • Umwelt

Umweltverhalten von Materialien und Produkten

Filtern

Autor*in

  • Kalbe, Ute (23)
  • Braun, Ulrike (20)
  • Gorbushina, Anna (20)
  • Koerdt, Andrea (18)
  • Bandow, Nicole (17)
  • Schreiber, Frank (16)
  • Wöhlecke, Andreas (16)
  • Geburtig, Anja (14)
  • Horn, Wolfgang (13)
  • Jann, Oliver (13)
+ weitere

Erscheinungsjahr

  • 2021 (7)
  • 2020 (62)
  • 2019 (147)
  • 2018 (130)
  • 2017 (78)
  • 2016 (32)
  • 2015 (5)

Dokumenttyp

  • Vortrag (173)
  • Zeitschriftenartikel (122)
  • Posterpräsentation (87)
  • Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (45)
  • Forschungsbericht (9)
  • Buchkapitel (7)
  • Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (5)
  • Sonstiges (4)
  • Monografie (3)
  • Dissertation (3)
+ weitere

Sprache

  • Englisch (314)
  • Deutsch (143)
  • Mehrsprachig (4)

Referierte Publikation

  • nein (362)
  • ja (99)

Schlagworte

  • Corrosion (24)
  • Leaching (22)
  • Mikroplastik (18)
  • Biocides (16)
  • Microplastics (14)
  • Bauprodukte (13)
  • Methanogens (13)
  • Fluorescence (12)
  • MIC (12)
  • TED-GC-MS (11)
+ weitere

Organisationseinheit der BAM

  • 4 Material und Umwelt (285)
  • 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (110)
  • 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (73)
  • 4.2 Materialien und Luftschadstoffe (70)
  • 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (63)
  • 6 Materialchemie (63)
  • 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (52)
  • 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (47)
  • 5 Werkstofftechnik (35)
  • 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (27)
+ weitere

461 Treffer

  • 1 bis 10
  • CSV
  • RIS
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100

Sortieren nach

  • Jahr
  • Jahr
  • Titel
  • Titel
  • Autor*in
  • Autor*in
Searching for biological feedstock material: 3D printing of wood particles from house borer and drywood termite frass (2021)
Plarre, Rudy ; Zocca, Andrea ; Spitzer, Andrea ; Benemann, Sigrid ; Grbushina, Anna ; Li, Y. ; Waske, Anja ; Funk, Alexander ; Wilgig, Janka ; Günster, Jens
Frass (fine powdery refuse or fragile perforated wood produced by the activity of boring insects) of larvae of the European house borer (EHB) and of drywood termites was tested as a natural and novel feedstock for 3D-printing of wood-based materials. Small particles produced by the drywood termite Incisitermes marginipennis and the EHB Hylotrupes bajulus during feeding in construction timber, were used. Frass is a powdery material of particularly consistent quality that is essentially biologically processed wood mixed with debris of wood and faeces. The filigree-like particles flow easily permitting the build-up of woodbased structures in a layer wise fashion using the Binder Jetting printing process. The Quality of powders produced by different insect species was compared along with the processing steps and properties of the printed parts. Drywood termite frass with a Hausner Ratio HR = 1.1 with ρBulk = 0.67 g/cm3 and ρTap = 0.74 g/cm3 was perfectly suited to deposition of uniformly packed layers in 3D printing. We suggest that a variety of naturally available feedstocks could be used in environmentally responsible approaches to scientific material sciences/additive manufacturing.
Prevalent Synergy and Antagonism Among Antibiotics and Biocides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2021)
Franziska, Pietsch ; Nordholt, Niclas ; Heidrich, Gabriele ; Schreiber, Frank
Antimicrobials can exert specific physiological effects when used in combination that are different from those when applied alone. While combination effects have been extensively mapped for antibiotic-antibiotic combinations, the combination effects of antibiotics with antimicrobials used as biocides or antiseptics have not been systematically investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of combinations of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) and substances used as biocides or antiseptics [octenidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, chlorhexidine, Povidone-iodine, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and Ag-nanoparticles] on the planktonic growth rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combination effects were investigated in growth experiments in microtiter plates at different concentrations and the Bliss interaction scores were calculated. Among the 21 screened combinations, we find prevalent combination effects with synergy occurring six times and antagonism occurring 10 times. The effects are specific to the antibiotic-biocide combination with meropenem showing a tendency for antagonism with biocides (6 of 7), while gentamicin has a tendency for synergy (5 of 7). In conclusion, antibiotics and biocides or antiseptics exert physiological combination effects on the pathogen P. aeruginosa. These effects have consequences for the efficacy of both types of substances and potentially for the selection of antimicrobial resistant strains in clinical applications with combined exposure (e.g., wound care and coated biomaterials).
Resistance against marine borers: About the revision of EN 275 and the attempt for a new laboratory standard for Limnoria (2020)
Palanti, S. ; Cragg, S. ; Plarre, Rudy
Wood protection technology in the marine environment has changed over the last decades and will continue to do so. New active ingredients, newer formulations, and novel wood-based materials including physically- and chemically-modified wood, together with increasing concerns over environmental impacts of wood preservatives, urgently demand a major revision of EN 275 “Wood preservatives – Determination of the Protective Effectiveness against Marine Borers”, dated from 1992. This IRG document reports on the technical work in CEN TC 38 regarding the revision of this standard. A Task Group within WG 24 of CEN TC 38 was formed consisting of experts from different field of competence (e.g. wood preservatives industry, wood scientists, marine biologists, archaeologists and cultural heritage conservators). Starting by e-mail correspondence in 2014, and continuing with four physical meetings (Berlin 2x, Florence, Venice) with experts from Germany, Italy, Sweden, and UK were held so far. Significant items for revision in EN 275 were identified as: number of replicates, duration of the test, dimension of specimens, number of test sites, number of reference species, reference material including reference preservative, re-immersion of specimens after non-destructive periodical evaluation for longer periods of time vs higher number of replicates for successive destructive examinations without re-immersion, utilization of X- ray apparatus and specific software to ease evaluation, etc. Furthermore, the task group is working on a standardized lab test for time-saving evaluation of different wood qualities for their potential to resist attack by limnorids. The suitability of this lab test will be determined by round robin tests as soon as safe face-to-face collaboration permits. The outcome will be published as a CEN TR (Technical Report) document, with a view to eventual adoption within the revised standard.
Investigation of the mass contents of Ptotal and Pplant available with ICP OES and XRF (2020)
Eggers, Romina
The Intelligence for Soil (I4S) project deals with the development of an integrated system for the site-specific soil fertility management. One goal of the project is to establish a mobile sensor platform for soil mapping. The task here is the installation and optimization of a XRF sensor for online measurement directly on the field. The fast soil mapping allows later on a site-specific fertilisation of essential plant nutrients like K, Ca and P. In order to optimize the application of the fertilizers it is necessary to relate the total contents analysed with XRF to the soil nutrients which are available to the plants. For this purpose the plant available phosphate supply was analysed with the Calcium-Acetate-Lactate extraction method (CAL) according to VDLUFA and compared with the total contents.
Environmental impact of geosynthetics in coastal protection (2021)
Scholz, Philipp ; Putna-Nimane, I. ; Barda, I. ; Liepina-Leimane, I. ; Strode, E. ; Kileso, A. ; Esiukova, E. ; Chubarenko, B. ; Purina, I. ; Simon, Franz-Georg
Geosynthetic materials are applied in measures for coastal protection. Weathering or any damage of constructions, as shown by a field study in Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), could lead to the littering of the beach or the sea (marine littering) and the discharge of possibly harmful additives into the marine environment. The ageing behavior of a widely used geotextile made of polypropylene was studied by artificial accelerated ageing in water-filled autoclaves at temperatures of 30 to 80 °C and pressures of 10 to 50 bar. Tensile strength tests were used to evaluate the progress of ageing, concluding that temperature rather than pressure was the main factor influencing the ageing of geotextiles. Using a modified Arrhenius equation, it was possible to calculate the half-life for the loss of 50% of the strain, which corresponds to approximately 330 years. Dynamic surface leaching and ecotoxicological tests were performed to determine the possible release of contaminants. No harmful effects on the test organisms were observed.
Polymerization of L-lactide with SnCl2: A Low Toxic and Eco-friendly Catalyst (2021)
Kricheldorf, H. R. ; Weidner, Steffen
Polymerizations of L-lactide catalyzed either by neat SnCl2 or by SnCl2 + difunctional cocatalysts were conducted in bulk at 180, 160 and 140 °C with variation of the Lac/Cat ratio and time. With neat SnCl2 poly(L-lactide) having weight average molecular weights (uncorrected Mw’s) up to 190 000 g mol−1 were obtained mainly consisting of linear chains. Addition of salicylic acid or 1,1-bisphenol yielded a higher fraction of cyclic polylactides but lower molecular weights. Furthermore, SnCl2 was compared with Bu2SnCl2 and various other metal chlorides and the best results were obtained with SnCl2. With ethyl L-lactate as initiator SnCl2-catalyzed ROPs were performed at 120 °C and the lac/initiator ratio was varied. All these experiments were conducted under conditions allowing for comparison with ROPs catalyzed with neat Sn(II)-2-ethyhexanoate. Such a comparison was also performed with ε-caprolactone as monomer.
Inhibition of a Secreted Immune Molecule Interferes With Termite Social Immunity (2020)
Esparza Mora, Margy Alejandra. ; Davis, H. E. ; Meconcelli, S. ; McMahon, Dino Peter ; Plarre, Rudy
Social immune behaviors are described in a great variety of insect societies and their role in preventing emerging infectious diseases has become a major topic in insect research. The social immune system consists of multiple layers, ranging from the synthesis of external immune molecules to the coordination of individual behaviors into sophisticated collective defensive tasks. But our understanding of how complex group-level behavioral defenses are orchestrated has remained limited. We sought to address this gap in knowledge by investigating the relationship between the external activity of an important immune effector molecule in termites, Gram negative binding protein 2 (GNBP-2) and collective grooming and cannibalism. We reasoned that as an external enzyme capable of degrading entomopathogenic fungi, GNBP-2 can facilitate the spread of pathogenic molecules in the colony, and thus serve to trigger collective defenses in a manner analogous to pathogen-associated molecular signatures (PAMPs) of the individual immune system. To test whether GNBP-2 could play a role in regulating social immune behavior, we experimentally inhibited its fungicidal activity using the glycomimetic molecule, D-d-gluconolactone (GDL) and recorded collective behavioral responses to an infected nestmate. Contrary to expectations, GNBP-2 inhibition did not influence the rate or intensity of grooming of either control or fungus-infected nestmates. By contrast, we found that the probability of being harmed through defensive cannibalistic behaviors was significantly reduced by the inhibition of GNBP-2. Our findings indicate that the regulation of collective immune behaviors may depend in part on the external secretion of an enzyme originating from the individual immune system, but that other cues are also necessary.
Effect of lead and copper containing brine on steel materials for geothermal applications – A corrosion study (2021)
Stoljarova, A. ; Regenspurg, S. ; Bäßler, Ralph ; Mathiesen, T. ; Braüner Nielsen, J.
Geothermal brines often contain high amounts of lead and copper ions that can precipitate as native Cu and Pb as consequence of galvanic corrosion when brines react with carbon steel materials. This contribution evaluates which materials could overcome the problem of galvanic corrosion at geothermal environment. The behavior of these materials in water containing high chloride concentration (> 100 g/L NaCl) as well as various amounts of dissolved bCl2 and/or CuCl2 was characterized by electrochemical and exposure measurements. Both methods reveal carbon steel suffers corrosion susceptibility, accompanied by Cu◦ and/or Pb◦ precipitation on the surface. Electrochemical measurements on stainless steels result in significant difference in corrosion and repassivation potentials (Ecorr = -189 mV, Erep = 70 mV), indicating a good corrosion resistance.
Natural building materials for interior fitting and refurbishment - What about indoor emissions? (2021)
Richter, Matthias ; Horn, Wolfgang ; Juritsch, Elevtheria ; Klinge, A. ; Radeljic, L. ; Jann, Oliver
Indoor air quality can be adversely affected by emissions from building materials, consequently having a negative impact on human health and well-being. In this study, more than 30 natural building materials (earth dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials, and boards made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for interior works were investigated as to their emissions of (semi-) volatile organic compounds ((S)VOC), formaldehyde, and radon. The study focused on the emissions from complete wall build-ups as they can be used for internal Partition walls and the internal insulation of external walls. Test chambers were designed, allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors under testing Parameters that were chosen to simulate model room conditions. The emission test results were evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure for the health-related evaluation of construction products and currently applied for the approval of specific groups of building materials in Germany. Seventeen out of 19 sample build-ups tested in this study would have passed this scheme since they generally proved to be low-emitting and although the combined emissions of multiple materials were tested, 50% of the measurements could be terminated before half of the total testing time.
Development and characterization of starch film and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (2020)
Cornelsen Sampaio Kling, I. ; Pauw, Brian R. ; Jacome, Leonardo A. ; Archanjo, B. S. ; Simão, R. A.
Starch is one of the biopolymers being used for bioplastic synthesis. For production, starch can be combined with different plasticizers, starches from different plant sources and even with nanomaterials to improve or to add film properties. The challenge of adding these, e.g. in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) is to determine the concentration so as to avoid impairing the properties of the film, agglomeration or altering the visual characteristics of the film. In this study, a starch film synthesis route and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles has been proposed in order not to alter the properties of the film while maintaining the transparency and a clear colour of the starch film. The results showed that the proposed synthesis route is promising, efficient, reproducible, fast and the film has good mechanical properties.
  • 1 bis 10

OPUS4 Logo

  • Kontakt
  • Impressum
  • Sitelinks