FG Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (226)
- Scientific journal article peer-reviewed (215)
- Part of a book (chapter) (136)
- Article (114)
- Scientific journal article not peer-reviewed (68)
- Conference publication not peer-reviewed (24)
- Doctoral thesis (22)
- Book (publisher) (14)
- Report (9)
- Book (4)
Way of publication
- Open Access (9)
Keywords
- Biological soil crusts (4)
- SPACES II (4)
- Southern Africa (4)
- Agroforestry (3)
- climate change (3)
- ecosystem development (3)
- Climate Change (2)
- Hühnerwasser (2)
- Kurzumtriebsplantage (2)
- Phosphorus (2)
Institute
- FG Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung (837)
- Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) (138)
- Zentrale Analytik der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg (ZA-BTU) / Zentrales Analytisches Labor (33)
- FG Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung (31)
- FG Hydrologie (29)
- FG Ökologie (9)
- FG Gewässerökologie (7)
- FG Biotechnologie der Wasseraufbereitung (4)
- FG Atmosphärische Prozesse (2)
- FG Numerische Mathematik und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (1)
Organic soil amendments such as modified lignite and biostimulants like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may have the potential to improve soil biological conditions of agricultural soils. The aim of the study was to test if nitrogen-modified lignite granules (NH) are beneficial for mycorrhization, root and shoot development compared to common mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in a nitrogen and phosphorus limited soil. A greenhouse experiment with Secale cereale L. was carried out using non-sterilized and sterilized sand substrate treated with NH, AMF or Nmin and AMF+NH and AMF+Nmin and was compared to an untreated substrate (control). 7.5 t ha-1 NH and 120 kg Nmin ha−1 led to a similar increase of AMF colonization compared to the control; however, Nmin had a more positive influence on biomass development.
Significantly highest mycorrhizal colonization intensity was found for
AMF+NH. The co-application of AMF+NH revealed that shoot and root
development and shoot nutrient concentrations were significantly higher or were among the significantly highest values, when compared to the other treatments. AMF+NH may be a suitable soil amendment for nutrient-limited soils and may be more sustainable than Nmin due to
a combined increase of nitrogen, AMF and carbon/humic acids in the
soil that comes with the NH.
This study aims at investigating the iron cyanide (CN) degradation potential of two natural bacterial isolates with the purpose of their application in iron CN phytoremediation. The strains were isolated from contaminated soil and incubated over 4 months with 50 mg L-1 CN (as ferrocyanide) as the sole iron and nitrogen source. Unlike previous reports, the study provides control for bacterial growth, biotic and abiotic CN losses. Bacterial growth, CN, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations were monitored regularly. Both strains grew less rapid with iron CN compared with the positive control. However, the growth was diauxic. The CN concentration in the media decreased with 20% and 25% respectively, while that in the sterile controls remained stable. Ammonium was detected in the media of both strains implying that a fraction of the initially applied ferrocyanide has been converted. The nitrogen lost from the system evened out with that in the cells at the end of the experiments. These results showed that the investigated strains were undoubtedly able to grow on iron CN as an alternative nitrogen source, but contrary to some previous findings, the iron CN utilization is much slower and takes place only after complete exhaustion of the cellular nitrogen reserves.
Background: Despite the key role topsoil plays in reclamation, there are situations where topsoil is in deficit or unavailable, especially at degraded and abandoned mine sites in Ghana. The sites pose serious ecological and safety risks, underscoring the urgent need to finding alternative substrate for restoration. This study investigated the feasibility of using amended-subsoil as topsoil substitute for reclamation. The hypothesis was that amendment of stockpiled-subsoil with poultry manure positively influences tree growth and ground vegetation cover (GVC), which promote better soil stabilization at degraded mine sites. A graded waste-rock dump was covered with a 70 cm layer of the stockpiled subsoil at Newmont Ghana Gold Limited. Two experimental plots (24 × 15 m) were established with the treatments poultry manure (PLM 23 t ha-1) and control (no PLM), followed by seeding of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and planting of potted-seedlings of five forest tree species. The Laser-point-quadrat method was used to estimate GVC, whereas erosion was visually observed. Diameter and height data of planted trees and surviving numbers were collected.
Results: There was significant increase in tree growth and in GVC for the poultry manure treatment compared to the control. The manure provided sufficient nitrogen to overcome nitrogen deficiency and facilitated quicker and stronger vegetation growth that yielded superior soil stabilization.
Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the potential of manure application in promoting successful restoration of the many degraded and abandoned mine sites in Ghana to productive uses.
The soil pH plays a substantial role in controlling phosphorus (P) adsorption and mobilization. These processes are strongly affected by the phosphate interaction strength with P-fixing soil minerals such as goethite. The target of the current contribution is to draw a molecular level picture of the interplay between pH and phosphate binding at the goethite–water interface via a joint experimental–theoretical approach. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to provide a molecular level understanding of the pH dependence of P adsorption. To validate the modeling approach, adsorption experiments of phosphate at goethite were performed in the pH range of 4–12. There was agreement between experiments and simulations in the description of the adsorption behavior by two pH-dependent successive stages. The adsorption increases along the pH change from 4 to 8. A further increase of pH leads to a decrease of adsorption. By comparing with literature data it is concluded that the first stage will be observed only if there is no significant change of the surface charge at low pH. Moreover, the molecular modeling results point to the abundance of the monodentate (M) binding motif at both extremely low and high pH ranges. Otherwise, the bidentate (B) one is predominant along the intermediate pH range. These observations could resolve the existing debate about the assignment of phosphate–goethite binding motifs. Furthermore, the results point to a decrease of pH upon phosphate sorption due to an induced acidification of soil solution. The present joint experimental–theoretical approach provides a better understanding and description of the existing phosphate sorption experiments and highlights new findings at the atomistic/molecular scale.
The availability of P is often insuffcient and limited by accumulation in soils. This led to the necessity of solutions for the recovery as well as recycling of secondary P resources. Batch experiments were conducted with CaCl2 and citric acid to characterize P release kinetics from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char. While the P release during the CaCl2 treatment was so low that only vivianite and hydroxyapatite showed a slightly higher release with increasing CaCl2 concentration, the increase of dissolved P was more pronounced for citric acid. The application of citric acid resulted in a 32,190-fold higher P release for bone char. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic data suggested higher instability of hydroxyapatite than for bone char. The kinetic data showed that bone char, especially at a lower particle size, had a higher long-term P release than hydroxyapatite or vivianite. The suitability of hydroxyapatite and bone char as a poorly soluble, but sustainable P source is better than that of vivianite. However, the efficiency as a P fertilizer is also dependent on present soil P mobilization processes. The results underline the importance of the accessibility of fertilized or naturally bound P for plant roots to benefit from the excretion of
organic acids.
In many ecosystems of the earth, biocrusts influence the successive development of vegetation through their influence on the soil formation. This change in soil structure, e.g. due to the accumulation of organic material and the ability of biological nitrogen fixation, results in significant feedback and controls of ecosystem processes, especially in arid regions. In Brandenburg, located in NE Germany, the dry grasslands on sand dunes and the post-mining landscapes, characterized by edaphic drought and lack of nutrients as well as disturbances, are ecologically interesting locations for investigations of the biocrusts. In recent years, the species composition, structure, N-fixation, C-fluxes, and accumulation as well as their soil hydrological properties of biocrusts have been characterized and ecophysiological measurements of biocrust activity and CO2 exchange of different biocrust types under standardized environmental conditions have been performed in the laboratory. These ecophysiological measurements were correlated for the first time with NDVI measurements using a modified consumer camera, thus enabling a spatial analysis of the photosynthesis hotspots and a transfer from the lab into the landscape. The development and physiological activity of biocrusts are significantly influenced by microclimatic boundary conditions and moisture-dry cycles. The duration of these moisture phases is decisive for their spatial and temporal development and for the differentiation of the developmental stages. The permanent recording of moisture in the biocrusts in the uppermost millimeters using a newly developed biocrust wetness sensor in combination with NDVI measurements enable detailed information about biocrust activities and carbon fluxes. These continuous measurements of NDVI and physiological activity with PRI sensors allows determining seasonal activity phases in relation to microclimatological site conditions. More recent technological developments in sensor technology make it possible to carry out detailed and cost-effective investigations of the biocrust activity over the course of the year.