LS Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung
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- FG Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung (648)
- Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB) (109)
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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Untersuchungen zu Interaktionen zwischen pleistozänem Kipprohsubstrat und den auf dem „Hühnerwasser“-Einzugsgebiet
vorkommenden abundanten Pionierpflanzenarten L. corniculatus, C. epigeios
und T. arvense durchgeführt, um deren Bedeutung für die initiale Bodenentwicklung zu analysieren. Die Studien umfassten Untersuchungen zur räumlichen Wurzelverteilung, zur Wurzelmorphologie, zur Nährstoffanreicherung, -aufnahme und -umverteilung im Boden, sowie zur Exsudation organischer Säuren und zu den
Konkurrenzeffekten der drei
Pflanzenarten während der Keimung.
Einfluss von Acker- und Waldnutzung auf Wasseraufnahme und Wasserspeicherung von Löss- und Sandböden
(2006)
Mit dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss von biologischen Bodenkrusten auf die Benetzungshemmung / Hydrophobizität auf sandigen, anthropogen geschütteten, rekultivierten Böden der Tagebaufolgelandschaft und auf sandigen, sich mehr oder weniger natürlich entwickelnden Böden in Flugsandarealen und Dünengebieten Südbrandenburgs untersucht. Gezeigt wurde, dass sich in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft auf dem sandigen anthropogen geschütteten Substrat andere Krustenarten auf der Substratoberfläche ansiedeln als auf der Substratoberfläche von Flugsandgebieten und Dünen. Der Effekt der Benetzungshemmung ist bei den Krustenarten der rekultivierten Bergbauflächen stärker ausgeprägt als bei den natürlichen Flugsandgebieten und Dünen, wo die Benetzungshemmung im Krustentstadium mit Einfluss von Moosen wieder zurückgeht. Gerade Flechten haben in Bergbaufolgelandschaften negativen Einfluss auf die Infiltration von Niederschlag. Auch die Bindungskräfte zwischen den Partikeln spielen bei der Betrachtung des Einflusses der Benetzungshemmung / Hydrophobizität eine Rolle, denn es zeigt sich bei Betrachtung der Korngrößenverteilung, dass das Substrat in den Rekultivierungsgebieten der Bergbaufolgelandschaft unsortiert ist und hohe Anteile an Feinmaterial (Schluff und Ton) aufweisen kann. Auf den Flugsandgebieten findet eine natürliche
Sortierung der Partikel durch Wind und Wasser statt, wobei das Substrat meist locker lagernd vorkommt und lediglich im Lee von höheren Pflanzen zur Ruhe kommen kann. Dort übernehmen dann biologische Bodenkrusten und andere Mikroorganismen die Bindung und Festigung der Partikel z. B. durch extrazelluläre polymere Substanzen. Es wurde deutlich, dass die Akkumulation organischer Substanz bei Bewuchs mit Laubgehölzen in größerem Maße stattfindet als bei Bewuchs mit Nadelgehölzen. Jedoch weisen die Chlorophyll a-Gehalte auf mehr Biomasse durch biologische Bodenkrusten bei den Nadelgehölzen hin. Insgesamt ist festzuhalten, dass jeder untersuchte Standort separat für sich betrachtet werden muss und nicht von einer Chronosequenz im Sinne einer eindeutig zeitlichen Abfolge bei Betrachtung der Alter der Standorte ausgegangen werden kann. Lediglich die Standorte in der Bergbaufolgelandschaftfür sich sowie die Standorte in den relativ natürlich entwickelten Flugsand- und Dünengebieten können gemeinsam betrachtet werden. Wie gezeigt wurde, beeinflussen biologische Bodenkrusten gerade schon in der Initialphase der Bodenbildung den Wasserhaushalt durch Porenverschluss, durch hydrophob wirkende Exsudate,
aber auch durch Rhizoide der Moose, insbesondere im brandenburgischen Übergangsklima vom maritimen zum kontinentalen Klima. Durch die Regulierung des Wasserhaushalts des Bodens durch die biologischen Bodenkrusten wird die Bodenentwicklung in bestimmte Richtungen gelenkt. Hierfür sind allerdings Langzeitbeobachtungen und eine möglichst gewissenhafte Auswahl an Chronosequenzen notwendig.
Grazing-induced alterations of soil hydraulic properties and functions in Inner Mongolia, PR China
(2009)
Lead Pollution of Floodplain Soils in a Historic Mining Area - Age, Distribution and Binding Forms
(2009)
The influence of biological soil crusts in natural ecosystems on structures and processes is well investigated. However, in South-Brandenburg (Germany), it is possible to study the development of biological soil crusts (BSC) during initial ecosystem genesis on two artificial water catchments with well-known ages and under differing starting conditions. The two experimental sites are located in the recultivation area of the lignite open-cast mining district of southern Brandenburg with a distance of approximately 1 km between them. Two different topographies were constructed at the experimental sites: the experimental plot at the catchment Neuer Lugteich was shaped like a dune, whereas the artificial water catchment Hühnerwasser was modelled as an inclined slope. The catchment Neuer Lugteich is four years older than Hühnerwasser. The original substrate at Neuer Lugteich is more sandy and carbonate-free compared to the original substrate dumped at Hühnerwasser. At both sites geomorphological differentiation and crust development were compared and the importance of substrate-dependent water availability and crust type clarified. Once settled, the crusts influenced the water regime of the soils by delaying infiltration through enhanced water repellency, and by limiting water infiltration. Chlorophyll analysis revealed that all crusts were at early stages of development. At Neuer Lugteich, the establishment of the biological soil crusts was closely associated with the vegetation succession, whereas no clear succession of the crusts could be observed at Hühnerwasser. The mosaic-like pattern of the biological soils crusts is associated with the distribution of fine-grained material here.zeige weniger
Analysis of 288 percussion drillings from depths of up to seven meters and a 120 m long excavated section provide new and detailed information on the Late Quaternary to Late Holocene floodplain evolution from the most important Central European iron-mining region of the 15th century. The generalized sequence of the Vils River floodplain is built of five units representing facies of different genesis (rock/saprolite, gravel, sand, loam, peat) that are identified by physical, chemical, and mineralogical parameters (grain size, clast shape, and content, TOC, bulk mineralogy). Along the 87 km length of the valley, different units/facies are found at the Upper Vils River (UVR 1-5) and at the Lower Vils River (LVR 1-4b). In both river sections, fine-grained material (flood loam) forms the major part (up to 4 m) of the alluvial sequence. 29 age determinations (24 14C, 4 IRSL, 1 tree-ring analysis) show increasing accumulation of flood loam in the last millennium. The data correlate with the beginning of mining at the Vils River and hence suggest a causal connection with mining activities in the catchment—both on the slopes and in the floodplain—with intense deposition of flood loams.
Our study deals with agricultural recultivation of open cast brown coal mining areas in Lusatia, Eastern Germany. In this region the largest brown coal (lignite) mining area of Germany is located. Lignite mining activities lead to major disturbances of the landscape. Recultivation efforts attempt to regenerate mining areas for agricultural land use options. The geological “parent” material is of saaleian origin, has a sandy texture and was excavated from several meters depths before mining and is now used for recultivating the excavated area. Consequently, it is free of recent soil organic carbon. The substrate itself is unstructured. The partly wet or dry substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses during the excavation, deposition, refilling and levelling processes throughout the year. This practice leads to more or less compacted soils/substrates which may result in small yields of agricultural crops. In this context we investigate the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has been heaped up and levelled off in 2006 and 2007. On each of the 24 experimental sub areas undisturbed soil samples have been taken to characterise the substrates according to their mechanical and hydraulic parameters and to determine the scattering of these parameters on a site that is assumed to be recultivated as homogenously as possible. First results of our ongoing experimental study indicate that the soil physical properties such as texture, bulk density, precompression stress, air permeability and saturated hydraulic conductivity are not identical on each of the 24 subplots. The soil physical properties behave differently in relation to each other. E.g. we found a negative correlation between bulk density (∼1.35–∼1.90 g/cm3) and precompression stress (∼30–70 kPa) and no decisive interrelation between bulk density and air permeability or saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Noninvasive Observation of Flow Patterns in Locally Heterogeneous Mine Soils using Neutron Radiation
(2010)
Characterization of interactions between solid and liquid phase in the initial ecosystem development
(2010)
Polistichus connexus (GEOFRROY in FOURCROY, 1785) - neu für Brandenburg (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
(2010)
Soil solution
(2010)
Meteorology
(2010)
An approach to extrapolate categorical agricultural soil data to nonmapped areas using majority vote
(2009)
Synthese und Ausblick
(2009)
Monitoring of ecosystem patterns and processes in an artificial catchment in Lusatia, Germany
(2009)
Trophic structure and complexity of early soil food webs in a post mining area in Lower Lusatia
(2009)
Can old organic carbon drive microbial activity in surface waters of a newly created landscape?
(2010)
Reproducing the initial internal structural heterogeneity of an artificially created catchment
(2010)
For systems such as soils or watersheds, the initial distribution of sediment mass and composition at the starting point of the development are mostly not well-known. The development of such systems, however, has frequently been assumed to depend on boundary and initial conditions including the solid phase. Here, an experimental watershed of about 6 ha surface area was artificially-created in order to imitate an initial stage just at the beginning of the geo-ecosystem development. However, sediment homogeneity could not be achieved for this large-scale field experiment, and the 3D spatial distribution of structures and components remained uncertain. The objective of this study was to quantify and reconstruct the initial sediment distribution and the first development stages using aerial photographs, point information, and a 3D model. The watershed was made of coarse-textured sediments of quaternary origin with a low permeable clay liner as the bottom boundary. A 2D horizontal digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface and a DEM of the subsurface clay layer are used to construct a 3D triangulated numerical grid of the catchment’s initial spatial structure using the 3D-GIS software GOCAD. Physical and chemical soil properties obtained from borehole samples are assigned to this model and interpolated onto the 3D grid. The volumetric changes in space and time are quantified and related to material properties to obtain the mass changes. Correlations between terrain attributes, sediment properties, and mass changes are explored specifically in regions of differing source materials. A temporal sequence of surface DEMs is obtained from photogrammetric, high-precision ground based laser scanning and airborne laser scanning data. 3D models of elevation change are constructed from these DEMs. The processes following the initial state are mainly characterized by runoff-induced erosive mass relocations related to the distribution of surface and subsurface structures and sediment properties. The results suggest that both sediment structures and mass translocations differ between the western and eastern parts of the watershed and that correlations between initial surface structures and subsequent mass changes exist.
Energieholzproduktion in Agroforstsystemen als ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Bodenschutzes
(2010)