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The international standard ISO 6336-3 defines a calculation method for the tooth root capacity of standard gears with basic rack profile according to ISO 53. However, the results of this method may become too optimistic for non-standard gears with custom root fillets, large pressure angles or asymmetric teeth, since the effect of general mean stresses on the local tooth root strength are neglected. Therefore, a more generic calculation method is suggested, which considers the mean stress influence by utilizing the Haigh diagram. Both approaches are then used as basis of root fillet shape optimizations. A comparison of results demonstrates significant differences in the safety assessment and the resulting root geometry.