二十世纪急剧的社会文化变迁深深地影响了人们的精神生活,价值冲突、社会变动、文化移入、生活巨变无不加剧了人的心理困难。心理咨询和心理治疗顺应时代要求,迅速蓬勃发展。然而,由于对治疗对象缺乏全面的把握,心理治疗在疗效、范围和方法上均陷入困境。要走出困境,就必须揭示人的完整本性、建构人的完整形象,并以此作为心理治疗理论与实践的出发点。弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析治疗观正是这样一个典型。 弗洛姆人本主义精神分析治疗观的主要思路是:跳出单纯从解剖学和生物学意义上把握人的圈子,结合马克思主义对人的本质的认识,从人的处境出发,揭示出人存在的矛盾是心理疾病的根源;通过对当代资本主义社会现实的分析,指出现代人生存的困境——异化是心理疾病的直接原因;通过对心理疾病成因的分析,弗洛姆进而提出了其心理治疗的目标——从健全人格的追寻到健全社会的追求;最后,弗洛姆阐释了自己心理治疗的具体步骤和方法。 本论文通过对弗洛姆著作的整体把握,系统归纳了弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析治疗观,旨在阐明其对当今心理治疗的整合趋势与本土化研究潮流的启发及意义。
The Social Unconscious: The Psychoanalytic Dimension of Fromm’s Cultural View [社会无意识:弗洛姆文化观的精神分析维度]
(2022)
[Chinese abstract not available.] The social unconscious is a core concept in Erich Fromm’s cultural view. By comparing the social unconscious with Freud’s the unconscious, Marx’s social consciousness and Jung’s collective unconscious respectively, this article aims to study the psychoanalytic dimension of Fromm’s cultural view. For Fromm, the social unconscious is the product of cultural power suppression; cultural power shapes the spiritual space formed by consciousness and the unconscious; the social unconscious exists in societies dominated by cultural power. This shows that from the microscopic perspective of psychoanalysis, Fromm has gained an insight into the suppression and manipulation of the social unconscious by the ubiquitous cultural power. This insight not only deepens the theory of cultural studies, but also enriches and develops the related theoretical connotations of Marxist theory. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2022]