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SC-97-05
We present a new technique for generating surface meshes from a uniform set of discrete samples. Our method extends the well-known marching cubes algorithm used for computing polygonal isosurfaces. While in marching cubes each vertex of a cubic grid cell is binary classified as lying above or below an isosurface, in our approach an arbitrary number of vertex classes can be specified. Consequently the resulting surfaces consist of patches separating volumes of two different classes each. Similar to the marching cubes algorithm all grid cells are traversed and classified according to the number of different vertex classes involved and their arrangement. The solution for each configuration is computed based on a model that assigns probabilities to the vertices and interpolates them. We introduce an automatic method to find a triangulation which approximates the boundary surfaces - implicitly given by our model - in a topological correct way. Look-up tables guarantee a high performance of the algorithm. In medical applications our method can be used to extract surfaces from a 3D segmentation of tomographic images into multiple tissue types. The resulting surfaces are well suited for subsequent volumetric mesh generation, which is needed for simulation as well as visualization tasks. The proposed algorithm provides a robust and unique solution, avoiding ambiguities occuring in other methods. The method is of great significance in modeling and animation too, where it can be used for polygonalization of non-manifold implicit surfaces.
SC-96-54
After a short summary on therapy planning and the underlying technologies we discuss quantitative medicine by giving a short overview on medical image data, summarizing some applications of computer based treatment planning, and outlining requirements on medical planning systems. Then we continue with a description of our medical planning system {\sf HyperPlan}. It supports typical working steps in therapy planning, like data aquisition, segmentation, grid generation, numerical simulation and optimization, accompanying these with powerful visualization and interaction techniques.
SC-93-35
In the field of deep regional hyperthermia, one of the most widely used devices is the BSD--2000 Hyperthermia System which employs the Sigma 60 applicator. The Sigma 60 consists of four independent sources, giving it the potential to control the energy pattern within the patient. The independent amplitudes and phases, as well as frequency selection and applicator position, present a large number of parameters for the operator to determine. Computer simulation has long been recognized as an attractive approach to optimizing these parameters. A treatment planning program was used in clinical practice at Stanford University Medical Center for two years. It demonstrated the feasibility of computer simulation for deep regional hyperthermia in a clinical situation. However, several parts of this system were written in a language specific to one workstation, which severely restricted the wider distribution of the program to other users of the Sigma 60. A new treatment planning system for the BSD 2000 has been developed and put into clinical practice at the Rudolf Virchow Clinic of the Free University of Berlin. The new method, which we will refer to as the Berlin system, has a simpler model construction program and a considerably better graphics capability. However, the most important feature is that all programs are written in FORTRAN, C, or the X Window graphics system. Therefore, the entire treatment planning system is completely portable to other workstations.
TR-98-05
Polygonale Schädelmodelle bilden ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel für computergestützte Planungen im Bereich der plastischen Chirurgie. Wir beschreiben, wie derartige Modelle automatisch aus hochaufgelösten CT-Datensätzen erzeugt werden können. Durch einen lokal steuerbaren Simplifizierungsalgorithmus werden die Modelle so weit vereinfacht, daß auch auf kleineren Graphikcomputern interaktives Arbeiten möglich wird. Die Verwendung eines speziellen Transparenzmodells ermöglicht den ungehinderten Blick auf die bei der Planung relevanten Knochenstrukturen und läßt den Benutzer zugleich die Kopfumrisse des Patienten erkennen.
TR-97-05