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Long-lived flow patterns in the atmosphere such as weather fronts, mid-latitude blockings or tropical cyclones often induce extreme weather conditions. As a consequence, their description, detection, and tracking has received increasing attention in recent years. Similar objectives also arise in diverse fields such as turbulence and combustion research, image analysis, and medical diagnostics under the headlines of "feature tracking", "coherent structure detection" or "image registration" - to name just a few. A host of different approaches to addressing the underlying, often very similar, tasks have been developed and successfully used. Here, several typical examples of such approaches are summarized, further developed and applied to meteorological data sets. Common abstract operational steps form the basis for a unifying framework for the specification of "persistent structures" involving the definition of the physical state of a system, the features of interest, and means of measuring their persistence.
The multiscale organization of tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated by means of three-dimensional data produced by the atmospheric model CM1. We provide a sample dataset in NetCDF format covering the TC evolution from incipient to mature under the influence of externally imposed wind shear. This dataset serves as a testbed for applying energy-tranfer analyses based on the Duchon-Robert index as well as diabatic transfer based on an asymptotic theory on TCs.