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About 23% of the German energy demand is supplied by natural gas. Additionally, for about the same amount Germany serves as a transit country. Thereby, the German network represents a central hub in the European natural gas transport network. The transport infrastructure is operated by transmissions system operators (TSOs). The number one priority of the TSOs is to ensure the security of supply. However, the TSOs have only very limited knowledge about the intentions and planned actions of the shippers (traders). Open Grid Europe (OGE), one of Germany’s largest TSO, operates a high-pressure transport network of about 12,000 km length. With the introduction of peak-load gas power stations, it is of great importance to predict in- and out-flow of the network to ensure the necessary flexibility and security of supply for the German Energy Transition (“Energiewende”). In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid forecast method applied to gas flows at the boundary nodes of a transport network. This method employs an optimized feature selection and minimization. We use a combination of a FAR, LSTM and mathematical programming to achieve robust high-quality forecasts on real-world data for different types of network nodes.
As a result of the legislation for gas markets introduced by the European Union in 2005, separate independent companies have to conduct the transport and trading of natural gas. The current gas market of Germany, which has a market value of more than 54 billion USD, consists of Transmission System Operators (TSO), network users, and traders. Traders can nominate a certain amount of gas anytime and anywhere in the network. Such unrestricted access for the traders, on the other hand, increase the uncertainty in the gas supply management. Some customers’ behaviors may cause abrupt structural changes in gas flow time series. In particular, it is a challenging task for the TSO operators to predict gas nominations 6 to 10 h-ahead. In our study, we aim to investigate the regime changes in time series of nominations to predict the 6 to 10 h-ahead of gas nominations.
This work presents an innovative short to mid-term forecasting
model that analyzes nonlinear complex spatial and temporal
dynamics in energy networks under demand and supply balance constraints
using Network Nonlinear Time Series (TS) and Mathematical
Programming (MP) approach. We address three challenges simultaneously,
namely, the adjacency matrix is unknown; the total amount in the
network has to be balanced; dependence is unnecessarily linear. We use
a nonparametric approach to handle the nonlinearity and estimate the
adjacency matrix under the sparsity assumption. The estimation is conducted
with the Mathematical Optimisation method. We illustrate the
accuracy and effectiveness of the model on the example of the natural gas
transmission network of one of the largest transmission system operators
(TSOs) in Germany, Open Grid Europe. The obtained results show that,
especially for shorter forecasting horizons, proposed method outperforms
all considered benchmark models, improving the avarage nMAPE for
5.1% and average RMSE for 79.6% compared to the second-best model.
The model is capable to capture the nonlinear dependencies in the complex
spatial-temporal network dynamics and benefits from both sparsity
assumption and the demand and supply balance constraint.