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Institute
Degenerative Gelenkerkrankungen, wie die Osteoarthrose, sind ein häufiges Krankheitsbild unter älteren Erwachsenen. Hierbei verringert sich u.a. der Gelenkspalt aufgrund degenerierten Knorpels oder geschädigter Menisci. Ein in den Gelenkspalt eingebrachter interpositionaler Spacer soll die mit der Osteoarthrose einhergehende verringerte Gelenkkontaktfläche erhöhen und so der teilweise oder vollständige Gelenkersatz hinausgezögert oder vermieden werden.
In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir eine Planungssoftware für die Auswahl und Positionierung eines interpositionalen Spacers am Patientenmodell.
Auf einer MRT-basierten Bildsegmentierung aufbauend erfolgt eine geometrische Rekonstruktion der 3D-Anatomie des Kniegelenks. Anhand dieser wird der Gelenkspalt bestimmt, sowie ein Spacer ausgewählt und algorithmisch vorpositioniert. Die Positionierung des Spacers ist durch den Benutzer jederzeit interaktiv anpassbar.
Für jede Positionierung eines Spacers wird ein Fitness-Wert zur Knieanatomie des jeweiligen Patienten berechnet und den Nutzern Rückmeldung hinsichtlich Passgenauigkeit gegeben. Die Software unterstützt somit als Entscheidungshilfe die behandelnden Ärzte bei der patientenspezifischen Spacerauswahl.
Statistical Shape Models (SSMs) are a proven means for model-based 3D anatomy reconstruction from medical
image data. In orthopaedics and biomechanics, SSMs are increasingly employed to individualize measurement
data or to create individualized anatomical models to which implants can be adapted to or functional tests can be performed on. For modeling and analysis of articulated structures, so called articulated SSMs (aSSMs) have been developed. However, a missing feature of aSSMs is the consideration of collisions in the course of individual fitting and articulation. The aim of our work was to develop aSSMs that handle collisions between components correctly. That way it becomes possible to adjust shape and articulation in view of a physically and geometrically plausible individualization. To be able to apply collision-aware aSSMs in simulation and optimisation, our approach is based on an ecient collision detection method employing Graphics Processing Units (GPUs).
Statistical Shape Models (SSMs) allow for a compact representation of shape and shape variation and they are a proven means for model-based 3D anatomy reconstruction from medical image data. In orthopaedics and biomechanics, SSMs are increasingly employed to individualize measurement data or to create individualized anatomical models. The human spine is a versatile and complex articulated structure and thus is an interesting candidate to be modeled using an advanced type of SSMs. For modeling and analysis of articulated structures, so called articulated SSMs (aSSMs) have been developed. However, a missing feature of aSSMs is the consideration of collisions in the course of individual fitting and articulation. The aim of this thesis is to develop an aSSM of two adjacent vertebrae that handles collisions between components correctly. The model will incorporate the two major aspects of variability: Shape of a single vertebra and the relative positioning of neighboring vertebrae. That way it becomes possible to adjust shape and articulation in view of a physically and geometrically plausible individualization. To be able to apply collision-aware aSSMs in simulation and optimisation in future work, the approach is based on a parallelized collision detection method employing Graphics Processing Units (GPUs).