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This work introduces a novel streamline seeding technique based on dual streamlines that are orthogonal to the vector field, instead of tangential. The greedy algorithm presented here produces a net of orthogonal streamlines that is iteratively refined resulting in good domain coverage and a high degree of continuity and uniformity. The algorithm is easy to implement and efficient, and it naturally extends to curved surfaces.
Probabilistic Marching Cubes
(2011)
Approximate Level-Crossing Probabilities for Interactive Visualization of Uncertain Isocontours
(2013)
Dual Streamline Seeding
(2009)
An intuitive and sparse representation of the void space of porous materials supports the efficient analysis and visualization of interesting qualitative and quantitative parameters of such materials. We introduce definitions of the elements of this void space, here called pore space, based on its distance function, and present methods to extract these elements using the extremal structures of the distance function. The presented methods are implemented by an image processing pipeline that determines pore centers, pore paths and pore constrictions. These pore space elements build a graph that represents the topology of the pore space in a compact way. The representations we derive from μCT image data of realistic soil specimens enable the computation of many statistical parameters and, thus, provide a basis for further visual analysis and application-specific developments. We introduced parts of our pipeline in previous work. In this chapter, we present additional details and compare our results with the analytic computation of the pore space elements for a sphere packing in order to show the correctness of our graph computation.
Ancient Egyptian papyri are often folded, rolled up or kept as small packages, sometimes even sealed. Physically unrolling or unfolding these packages might severely damage them. We demonstrate a way to get access to the hidden script without physical unfolding by employing computed tomography and mathematical algorithms for virtual unrolling and unfolding. Our algorithmic approaches are combined with manual interaction. This provides the necessary flexibility to enable the unfolding of even complicated and partly damaged papyrus packages. In addition, it allows us to cope with challenges posed by the structure of ancient papyrus, which is rather irregular, compared to other writing substrates like metallic foils or parchment. Unfolding of packages is done in two stages. In the first stage, we virtually invert the physical folding process step by step until the partially unfolded package is topologically equivalent to a scroll or a papyrus sheet folded only along one fold line. To minimize distortions at this stage, we apply the method of moving least squares. In the second stage, the papyrus is simply flattened, which requires the definition of a medial surface. We have applied our software framework to several papyri. In this work, we present the results of applying our approaches to mockup papyri that were either rolled or folded along perpendicular fold lines. In the case of the folded papyrus, our approach represents the first attempt to address the unfolding of such complicated folds.
Structural properties of molecules are of primary concern in many fields. This report provides a comprehensive overview on techniques that have been developed in the fields of molecular graphics and visualization with a focus on applications in structural biology. The field heavily relies on computerized geometric and visual representations of three-dimensional, complex, large and time-varying molecular structures. The report presents a taxonomy that demonstrates which areas of molecular visualization have already been extensively investigated and where the field is currently heading. It discusses visualizations for molecular structures, strategies for efficient display regarding image quality and frame rate, covers different aspects of level of detail and reviews visualizations illustrating the dynamic aspects of molecular simulation data. The survey concludes with an outlook on promising and important research topics to foster further success in the development of tools that help to reveal molecular secrets.
In this report we review and structure the branch of molecular visualization that is concerned with the visual analysis of cavities in macromolecular protein structures. First the necessary background, the domain terminology, and the goals of analytical reasoning are introduced. Based on a comprehensive collection of relevant research works, we present a novel classification for cavity detection approaches and structure them into four distinct classes: grid-based, Voronoi-based, surface-based, and probe-based methods. The subclasses are then formed by their combinations. We match these approaches with corresponding visualization technologies starting with direct 3D visualization, followed with non-spatial visualization techniques that for example abstract the interactions between structures into a relational graph, straighten the cavity of interest to see its profile in one view, or aggregate the time sequence into a single contour plot. We also discuss the current state of methods for the visual analysis of cavities in dynamic data such as molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we give an overview of the most common tools that are actively developed and used in the structural biology and biochemistry research. Our report is concluded by an outlook on future challenges in the field.
Self Excited Oscillations in Swirling Jets: Stability Analysis and Empirical Mode Construction
(2010)
Statistical wall shear stress maps of ruptured and unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms
(2012)
In molecular structure analysis and visualization, the molecule’s atoms are often modeled as hard spheres parametrized by their positions and radii. While the atom positions result from experiments or molecular simulations, for the radii typically values are taken from literature. Most often, van der Waals (vdW) radii are used, for which diverse values exist. As a consequence, different visualization and analysis tools use different atomic radii, and the analyses are less objective than often believed. Furthermore, for the geometric accessibility analysis of molecular structures, vdW radii are not well suited. The reason is that during the molecular dynamics simulation, depending on the force field and the kinetic energy in the system, non-bonded atoms can come so close to each other that their vdW spheres intersect. In this paper, we introduce a new kind of atomic radius, called atomic accessibility radius’, that better characterizes the accessibility of an atom in a given molecular trajectory. The new radii reflect the movement possibilities of atoms in the simulated physical system. They are computed by solving a linear program that maximizes the radii of the atoms under the constraint that non-bonded spheres do not intersect in the considered molecular trajectory. Using this data-driven approach, the actual accessibility of atoms can be visualized more precisely.
The analysis and visualization of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) is playing an increasingly important role due to their fundamental importance for all forms of life and the growing number of known 3D structures of such molecules. The great complexity of these structures, in particular, those of RNA, demands interactive visualization to get deeper insights into the relationship between the 2D secondary structure motifs and their 3D tertiary structures. Over the last decades, a lot of research in molecular visualization has focused on the visual exploration of protein structures while nucleic acids have only been marginally addressed. In contrast to proteins, which are composed of amino acids, the ingredients of nucleic acids are nucleotides. They form structuring patterns that differ from those of proteins and, hence, also require different visualization and exploration techniques. In order to support interactive exploration of nucleic acids, the computation of secondary structure motifs as well as their visualization in 2D and 3D must be fast. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on the performance of both the computation and visualization of nucleic acid structure. We present a ray casting-based visualization of RNA and DNA secondary and tertiary structures, which enables for the first time real-time visualization of even large molecular dynamics trajectories. Furthermore, we provide a detailed description of all important aspects to visualize nucleic acid secondary and tertiary structures. With this, we close an important gap in molecular visualization.
We present iCon.text, a kiosk platform for the iPad centered around artefacts, whose content and layout can be tailored without programming skills for specific museum exhibitions. The central metaphor to access information is a virtual postcard with one front and a customizable number of back sides that provide details about exhibits to museum visitors in textual and image form. Back sides can link to others cards. Access to these postcards is possible through one or more navigation views that can be navigated to from a navigation bar.
The entry point to the application is designed as a multitouch interactive pile of cards in a playful manner that allows visitors of any age an easy approach to the presentation and interaction metaphor. To directly access a certain postcard, a mosaic view can be uitilized to provide an overview about all available exhibits. A category view groups postcards into themes. Locating artefacts on a zoomable map or exhibition floor plan allows for conveying information about spatial contexts between different objects and their location. Furthermore, contexts can be illustrated with a two stage view comprising an overview and corresponding detail views to provide further insights into the spatial, temporal, and thematic contexts of artefacts. The application scaffolding allows the design of bilingual presentations to support exhibitions with an international audience. The logo of the presenting institution or exhibition can be incorporated to display the the kiosk's corporate design branding and to access an imprint or further informations. Usage is logged into files to provide a basis for extracting statistical information about the usage.
The details about the exhibits are presented as images and as such impose no limit to the design choices made by the content provider or exhibition designer.
The application (enhanced with a panoramic view) has been integrated successfully into a large special exhibition about the ancient city of Pergamon 2011/2012 at the Pergamon Museum Berlin within the interdisciplinary project "Berlin Sculpture Network".
The historical importance of ancient manuscripts is unique since they provide information about the heritage of ancient cultures. Often texts are hidden in rolled or folded documents. Due to recent impro- vements in sensitivity and resolution, spectacular disclosures of rolled hidden texts were possible by X-ray tomography. However, revealing text on folded manuscripts is even more challenging. Manual unfolding is often too risky in view of the fragile condition of fragments, as it can lead to the total loss of the document. X-ray tomography allows for virtual unfolding and enables non-destructive access to hid- den texts. We have recently demonstrated the procedure and tested unfolding algorithms on a mockup sample. Here, we present results on unfolding ancient papyrus packages from the papyrus collection of the Musée du Louvre, among them objects folded along approximately orthogonal folding lines. In one of the packages, the first identification of a word was achieved, the Coptic word for “Lord”.
Purpose/Aims of the Study: Bone’s hierarchical structure can be visualized using a variety of methods. Many techniques, such as light and electron microscopy generate two-dimensional (2D) images, while micro computed tomography (μCT) allows a direct representation of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. In addition, different methods provide complementary structural information, such as the arrangement of organic or inorganic compounds. The overall aim of the present study is to answer bone research questions by linking information of different 2D and 3D imaging techniques. A great challenge in combining different methods arises from the fact that they usually reflect different characteristics of the real structure.
Materials and Methods: We investigated bone during healing by means of μCT and a couple of 2D methods. Backscattered electron images were used to qualitatively evaluate the tissue’s calcium content and served as a position map for other experimental data. Nanoindentation and X-ray scattering experiments were performed to visualize mechanical and structural properties. Results: We present an approach for the registration of 2D data in a 3D μCT reference frame, where scanning electron microscopies serve as a methodic link. Backscattered electron images are perfectly suited for registration into μCT reference frames, since both show structures based on the same physical principles. We introduce specific registration tools that have been developed to perform the registration process in a semi-automatic way.
Conclusions: By applying this routine, we were able to exactly locate structural information (e.g. mineral particle properties) in the 3D bone volume. In bone healing studies this will help to better understand basic formation, remodeling and mineralization processes.