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On the Maximum Cardinality Search Lower Bound for Treewidth

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-8201
  • The Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm visits the vertices of a graph in some order, such that at each step, an unvisited vertex that has the largest number of visited neighbors becomes visited. An MCS-ordering of a graph is an ordering of the vertices that can be generated by the Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm. The visited degree of a vertex $v$ in an MCS-ordering is the number of neighbors of $v$ that are before $v$ in the ordering. The visited degree of an MCS-ordering $\psi$ of $G$ is the maximum visited degree over all vertices $v$ in $\psi$. The maximum visited degree over all MCS-orderings of graph $G$ is called its {\em maximum visited degree}. Lucena (2003) showed that the treewidth of a graph $G$ is at least its maximum visited degree. We show that the maximum visited degree is of size $O(\log n)$ for planar graphs, and give examples of planar graphs $G$ with maximum visited degree $k$ with $O(k!)$ vertices, for all $k\in \Bbb{N}$. Given a graph $G$, it is NP-complete to determine if its maximum visited degree is at least $k$, for any fixed $k\geq 7$. Also, this problem does not have a polynomial time approximation algorithm with constant ratio, unless P=NP. Variants of the problem are also shown to be NP-complete. We also propose and experimentally analyses some heuristics for the problem. Several tiebreakers for the MCS algorithm are proposed and evaluated. We also give heuristics that give upper bounds on the value of the maximum visited degree of a graph, which appear to give results close to optimal on many graphs from real life applications.

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Metadaten
Author:Hans L. Bodlaender, Arie M.C.A. Koster
Document Type:ZIB-Report
Tag:graph algorithms; lower bounds; maximum cardinality search; planar graphs; treewidth
MSC-Classification:05-XX COMBINATORICS (For finite fields, see 11Txx) / 05Cxx Graph theory (For applications of graphs, see 68R10, 81Q30, 81T15, 82B20, 82C20, 90C35, 92E10, 94C15) / 05C85 Graph algorithms [See also 68R10, 68W05]
68-XX COMPUTER SCIENCE (For papers involving machine computations and programs in a specific mathematical area, see Section -04 in that area) / 68Qxx Theory of computing / 68Q25 Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity [See also 68W40]
68-XX COMPUTER SCIENCE (For papers involving machine computations and programs in a specific mathematical area, see Section -04 in that area) / 68Rxx Discrete mathematics in relation to computer science / 68R10 Graph theory (including graph drawing) [See also 05Cxx, 90B10, 90B35, 90C35]
Date of first Publication:2004/11/08
Series (Serial Number):ZIB-Report (04-45)
ZIB-Reportnumber:04-45
Published in:Appeared in: Discrete Applied Mathematics 155 (2007) 1348-1372. An extended abstract appeared in: Proceedings of International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3353, 2005, 81-92
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