TY - GEN A1 - Weiser, Martin A1 - Erdmann, Bodo A1 - Deuflhard, Peter T1 - On Efficiency and Accuracy in Cardioelectric Simulation N2 - Reasons for the failure of adaptive methods to deliver improved efficiency when integrating monodomain models for myocardiac excitation are discussed. Two closely related techniques for reducing the computational complexity of linearly implicit integrators, deliberate sparsing and splitting, are investigated with respect to their impact on computing time and accuracy. T3 - ZIB-Report - 08-41 KW - elektrische Herzanregung KW - Diskretisierungsfehler KW - splitting KW - mass lumping KW - cardioelectric excitation KW - discretization error KW - splitting KW - mass lumping Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-10934 SN - 1438-0064 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Götschel, Sebastian A1 - Nagaiah, Chamakuri A1 - Kunisch, Karl A1 - Weiser, Martin T1 - Lossy Compression in Optimal Control of Cardiac Defibrillation N2 - This paper presents efficient computational techniques for solving an optimization problem in cardiac defibrillation governed by the monodomain equations. Time-dependent electrical currents injected at different spatial positions act as the control. Inexact Newton-CG methods are used, with reduced gradient computation by adjoint solves. In order to reduce the computational complexity, adaptive mesh refinement for state and adjoint equations is performed. To reduce the high storage and bandwidth demand imposed by adjoint gradient and Hessian-vector evaluations, a lossy compression technique for storing trajectory data is applied. An adaptive choice of quantization tolerance based on error estimates is developed in order to ensure convergence. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on numerical examples. T3 - ZIB-Report - 13-26 KW - monodomain model KW - defibrillation KW - optimal control KW - Newton-CG KW - trajectory storage KW - compression Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-18566 SN - 1438-0064 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weiser, Martin T1 - Faster SDC convergence on non-equidistant grids by DIRK sweeps N2 - Spectral deferred correction methods for solving stiff ODEs are known to converge rapidly towards the collocation limit solution on equidistant grids, but show a much less favourable contraction on non-equidistant grids such as Radau-IIa points. We interprete SDC methods as fixed point iterations for the collocation system and propose new DIRK-type sweeps for stiff problems based on purely linear algebraic considerations. Good convergence is recovered also on non-equidistant grids. The properties of different variants are explored on a couple of numerical examples. T3 - ZIB-Report - 13-30 KW - spectral deferred correction Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-18662 SN - 1438-0064 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sali, Adrian T1 - Coupling of Monodomain and Eikonal Models for Cardiac Electrophysiology N2 - The primary goal of this paper is to study the coupling of monodomain and eikonal models for the numerical simulation of cardiac electrophysiology. Eikonal models are nonlinear elliptic equations describing the excitation time of the cardiac tissue. They are often used as very fast approximations for monodomain or bidomain models - parabolic reaction-diffusion systems describing the excitation wavefront in terms of ionic currents. The excitation front is a thin region with high gradients, whereas excitation times vary over larger domains. Hence, eikonal equations can be solved on much coarser grids than monodomain equations. Moreover, as eikonal models are not time-dependent, no time integration is needed. Eikonal models are derived from monodomain models making additional assumptions and using certain approximations. While generally the approximation is rather good, several specific situations are not well captured by eikonal models. We consider coupling the two models, i.e. using the monodomain model in regions where more accurate results or the shape of the wavefront are needed, and the eikonal model in the remaining parts of the domain, where the excitation time is sufficient. Restricting the monodomain simulation to a small subdomain reduces the computational effort considerably. Numerical methods for the simulation of the individual models are presented, with the finite element method as the main ingredient. Coupling conditions as well as algorithms for implementing the coupling are explained. The approximation quality and efficiency of the coupled model is illustrated on simple geometries using an Aliev-Panfilov membrane model. T3 - ZIB-Report - 16-50 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-60508 SN - 1438-0064 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sali, Adrian T1 - Coupling of Monodomain and Eikonal Models for Cardiac Electrophysiology N2 - The primary goal of this paper is to study the coupling of monodomain and eikonal models for the numerical simulation of cardiac electrophysiology. Eikonal models are nonlinear elliptic equations describing the excitation time of the cardiac tissue. They are often used as very fast approximations for monodomain or bidomain models - parabolic reaction-diffusion systems describing the excitation wavefront in terms of ionic currents. The excitation front is a thin region with high gradients, whereas excitation times vary over larger domains. Hence, eikonal equations can be solved on much coarser grids than monodomain equations. Moreover, as eikonal models are not time-dependent, no time integration is needed. Eikonal models are derived from monodomain models making additional assumptions and using certain approximations. While generally the approximation is rather good, several specific situations are not well captured by eikonal models. We consider coupling the two models, i.e. using the monodomain model in regions where more accurate results or the shape of the wavefront are needed, and the eikonal model in the remaining parts of the domain, where the excitation time is sufficient. Restricting the monodomain simulation to a small subdomain reduces the computational effort considerably. Numerical methods for the simulation of the individual models are presented, with the finite element method as the main ingredient. Coupling conditions as well as algorithms for implementing the coupling are explained. The approximation quality and efficiency of the coupled model is illustrated on simple geometries using an Aliev-Panfilov membrane model. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deuflhard, Peter A1 - Erdmann, Bodo A1 - Roitzsch, Rainer A1 - Lines, Glenn Terje T1 - Adaptive Finite Element Simulation of Ventricular Dynamics JF - J. Computing and Visualization in Science Y1 - 2009 VL - 12 SP - 201 EP - 205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiser, Martin T1 - Pointwise Nonlinear Scaling for Reaction-Diffusion Equations JF - Appl. Num. Math. Y1 - 2009 VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 1858 EP - 1869 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götschel, Sebastian A1 - Nagaiah, Chamakuri A1 - Kunisch, Karl A1 - Weiser, Martin T1 - Lossy Compression in Optimal Control of Cardiac Defibrillation JF - J. Sci. Comput. N2 - This paper presents efficient computational techniques for solving an optimization problem in cardiac defibrillation governed by the monodomain equations. Time-dependent electrical currents injected at different spatial positions act as the control. Inexact Newton-CG methods are used, with reduced gradient computation by adjoint solves. In order to reduce the computational complexity, adaptive mesh refinement for state and adjoint equations is performed. To reduce the high storage and bandwidth demand imposed by adjoint gradient and Hessian-vector evaluations, a lossy compression technique for storing trajectory data is applied. An adaptive choice of quantization tolerance based on error estimates is developed in order to ensure convergence. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on numerical examples. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-013-9785-x VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 59 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tierney, Nicholas J. A1 - Mira, Antonietta A1 - Reinhold, J. Jost A1 - Weiser, Martin A1 - Burkart, Roman A1 - Benvenuti, Claudio A1 - Auricchio, Angelo T1 - Novel relocation methods for automatic external defibrillator improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest coverage under limited resources JF - Resuscitation N2 - Background Mathematical optimisation models have recently been applied to identify ideal Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) locations that maximise coverage of Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). However, these fixed location models cannot relocate existing AEDs in a flexible way, and have nearly exclusively been applied to urban regions. We developed a flexible location model for AEDs, compared its performance to existing fixed location and population models, and explored how these perform across urban and rural regions. Methods Optimisation techniques were applied to AED deployment and OHCA coverage was assessed. A total of 2802 geolocated OHCAs occurred in Canton Ticino, Switzerland, from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2015. Results There were 719 AEDs in Canton Ticino. 635 (23%) OHCA events occurred within 100m of an AED, with 306 (31%) in urban, and 329 (18%) in rural areas. Median distance from OHCA events to the nearest AED was 224m (168m urban vs. 269m rural). Flexible location models performed better than fixed location and population models, with the cost to deploy 20 new AEDs instead relocating 171 existing AEDs to new locations, improving OHCA coverage to 38%, compared to 26% using fixed models, and 24% with the population based model. Conclusions Optimisation models for AEDs placement are superior to population models and should be strongly considered by communities when selecting areas for AED deployment. Compared to other models, flexible location models increase overall OHCA coverage, and decreases the distance to nearby AEDs, even in rural areas, while saving significant financial resources. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.01.055 IS - 125 SP - 83 EP - 89 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weiser, Martin A1 - Scacchi, Simone T1 - Spectral Deferred Correction methods for adaptive electro-mechanical coupling in cardiac simulation T2 - G. Russo et al.(eds.) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2014 N2 - We investigate spectral deferred correction (SDC) methods for time stepping and their interplay with spatio-temporal adaptivity, applied to the solution of the cardiac electro-mechanical coupling model. This model consists of the Monodomain equations, a reaction-diffusion system modeling the cardiac bioelectrical activity, coupled with a quasi-static mechanical model describing the contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscle. The numerical approximation of the cardiac electro-mechanical coupling is a challenging multiphysics problem, because it exhibits very different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, spatio-temporal adaptivity is a promising approach to reduce the computational complexity. SDC methods are simple iterative methods for solving collocation systems. We exploit their flexibility for combining them in various ways with spatio-temporal adaptivity. The accuracy and computational complexity of the resulting methods are studied on some numerical examples. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23413-7_42 SP - 321 EP - 328 PB - Springer ER -