TY - GEN A1 - Wolle, Thomas A1 - Koster, Arie M.C.A. A1 - Bodlaender, Hans L. T1 - A Note on Contraction Degeneracy N2 - The parameter contraction degeneracy -- the maximum minimum degree over all minors of a graph -- is a treewidth lower bound and was first defined in (Bodlaender, Koster, Wolle, 2004). In experiments it was shown that this lower bound improves upon other treewidth lower bounds. In this note, we examine some relationships between the contraction degeneracy and connected components of a graph, block s of a graph and the genus of a graph. We also look at chordal graphs, and we study an upper bound on the contraction degeneracy and another lower bound for treewidth. A data structure that can be used for algorithms computing the degeneracy and similar parameters, is also described. T3 - ZIB-Report - 04-43 KW - contraction degeneracy KW - genus of a graph KW - treewidth lower bounds Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-8180 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koster, Arie M.C.A. A1 - Wolle, Thomas A1 - Bodlaender, Hans L. T1 - Degree-Based Treewidth Lower Bounds N2 - Every lower bound for treewidth can be extended by taking the maximum of the lower bound over all subgraphs or minors. This extension is shown to be a very vital idea for improving treewidth lower bounds. In this paper, we investigate a total of nine graph parameters, providing lower bounds for treewidth. The parameters have in common that they all are the vertex-degree of some vertex in a subgra ph or minor of the input graph. We show relations between these graph parameters and study their computational complexity. To allow a practical comparison of the bounds, we developed heuristic algorithms for those parameters that are NP-hard to compute. Computational experiments show that combining the treewidth lower bounds with minors can considerably improve the lower bounds. T3 - ZIB-Report - 04-44 KW - contraction degeneracy KW - Ramachandramurthi parameter KW - treewidth lower bounds Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-8193 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bodlaender, Hans L. A1 - Koster, Arie M.C.A. T1 - On the Maximum Cardinality Search Lower Bound for Treewidth N2 - The Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm visits the vertices of a graph in some order, such that at each step, an unvisited vertex that has the largest number of visited neighbors becomes visited. An MCS-ordering of a graph is an ordering of the vertices that can be generated by the Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm. The visited degree of a vertex $v$ in an MCS-ordering is the number of neighbors of $v$ that are before $v$ in the ordering. The visited degree of an MCS-ordering $\psi$ of $G$ is the maximum visited degree over all vertices $v$ in $\psi$. The maximum visited degree over all MCS-orderings of graph $G$ is called its {\em maximum visited degree}. Lucena (2003) showed that the treewidth of a graph $G$ is at least its maximum visited degree. We show that the maximum visited degree is of size $O(\log n)$ for planar graphs, and give examples of planar graphs $G$ with maximum visited degree $k$ with $O(k!)$ vertices, for all $k\in \Bbb{N}$. Given a graph $G$, it is NP-complete to determine if its maximum visited degree is at least $k$, for any fixed $k\geq 7$. Also, this problem does not have a polynomial time approximation algorithm with constant ratio, unless P=NP. Variants of the problem are also shown to be NP-complete. We also propose and experimentally analyses some heuristics for the problem. Several tiebreakers for the MCS algorithm are proposed and evaluated. We also give heuristics that give upper bounds on the value of the maximum visited degree of a graph, which appear to give results close to optimal on many graphs from real life applications. T3 - ZIB-Report - 04-45 KW - maximum cardinality search KW - treewidth KW - lower bounds KW - planar graphs KW - graph algorithms Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-8201 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hiller, Benjamin T1 - Bad Guys are Rare: Probabilistic Analysis of an Elementary Dial-a-Ride Problem N2 - This thesis deals with a Dial-a-Ride problem on trees and considers both offline and online versions of this problem. We study the behavior of certain algorithms on random instances, i.e. we do probabilistic analysis. The focus is on results describing the typical behavior of the algorithms, i.e. results holding with (asymptotically) high probability. For the offline version, we present a simplified proof of a result of Coja-Oghlan, Krumke und Nierhoff. The results states that some heuristic using a minimum spanning tree to approximate a Steiner tree gives optimal results with high probability. This explains why this heuristic produces optimal solutions quite often. In the second part, probabilistic online versions of the problem are introduced. We study the online strategies REPLAN and IGNORE. Regarding the IGNORE strategy we can show that it works almost optimal under high load with high probability. KW - Dial-a-Ride problem on trees KW - probabilistic analysis KW - online algorithms Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-10114 ER -