TY - CHAP A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Lindow, Norbert A1 - Baum, Daniel A1 - Hilger, Andre A1 - Mahnke, Ingo A1 - Hege, Hans-Christian A1 - Lepper, Verena A1 - Siopi, Tzulia A1 - Mahnke, Heinz.Eberhard T1 - Virtual Access to Hidden Texts – Study of Ancient Papyri T2 - Eighth Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting, Dec 7-9, 2016, Berlin, Germany N2 - When physical unfolding/unrolling of papyri is not possible or too dangerous for preserving the precious object, tomographic approaches may be the ap- propriate alternative. Requirements are the resolution and the contrast to distinguish writing and substrate. The steps to be performed are the following: (1) Select the object of interest (archaeological arguments, cultural back- ground of the object, etc.). (2) Find the proper physical procedure, especially with respect to contrast, take the tomographic data, e.g. by absorption x-ray tomography. (3) Apply mathematical unfolding transformations to the tomographic data, in order to obtain a 2d-planar reconstruction of text. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baum, Daniel A1 - Lindow, Norbert A1 - Hege, Hans-Christian A1 - Lepper, Verena A1 - Siopi, Tzulia A1 - Kutz, Frank A1 - Mahlow, Kristin A1 - Mahnke, Heinz-Eberhard T1 - Revealing hidden text in rolled and folded papyri JF - Applied Physics A N2 - Ancient Egyptian papyri are often folded, rolled up or kept as small packages, sometimes even sealed. Physically unrolling or unfolding these packages might severely damage them. We demonstrate a way to get access to the hidden script without physical unfolding by employing computed tomography and mathematical algorithms for virtual unrolling and unfolding. Our algorithmic approaches are combined with manual interaction. This provides the necessary flexibility to enable the unfolding of even complicated and partly damaged papyrus packages. In addition, it allows us to cope with challenges posed by the structure of ancient papyrus, which is rather irregular, compared to other writing substrates like metallic foils or parchment. Unfolding of packages is done in two stages. In the first stage, we virtually invert the physical folding process step by step until the partially unfolded package is topologically equivalent to a scroll or a papyrus sheet folded only along one fold line. To minimize distortions at this stage, we apply the method of moving least squares. In the second stage, the papyrus is simply flattened, which requires the definition of a medial surface. We have applied our software framework to several papyri. In this work, we present the results of applying our approaches to mockup papyri that were either rolled or folded along perpendicular fold lines. In the case of the folded papyrus, our approach represents the first attempt to address the unfolding of such complicated folds. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-0808-6 VL - 123 IS - 3 SP - 171 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baum, Daniel A1 - Lindow, Norbert A1 - Hege, Hans-Christian A1 - Lepper, Verena A1 - Siopi, Tzulia A1 - Kutz, Frank A1 - Mahlow, Kristin A1 - Mahnke, Heinz-Eberhard T1 - Revealing hidden text in rolled and folded papyri N2 - Ancient Egyptian papyri are often folded, rolled up or kept as small packages, sometimes even sealed. Physically unrolling or unfolding these packages might severely damage them. We demonstrate a way to get access to the hidden script without physical unfolding by employing computed tomography and mathematical algorithms for virtual unrolling and unfolding. Our algorithmic approaches are combined with manual interaction. This provides the necessary flexibility to enable the unfolding of even complicated and partly damaged papyrus packages. In addition, it allows us to cope with challenges posed by the structure of ancient papyrus, which is rather irregular, compared to other writing substrates like metallic foils or parchment. Unfolding of packages is done in two stages. In the first stage, we virtually invert the physical folding process step by step until the partially unfolded package is topologically equivalent to a scroll or a papyrus sheet folded only along one fold line. To minimize distortions at this stage, we apply the method of moving least squares. In the second stage, the papyrus is simply flattened, which requires the definition of a medial surface. We have applied our software framework to several papyri. In this work, we present the results of applying our approaches to mockup papyri that were either rolled or folded along perpendicular fold lines. In the case of the folded papyrus, our approach represents the first attempt to address the unfolding of such complicated folds. T3 - ZIB-Report - 17-02 KW - unfolding, papyri, computed tomography Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-61826 SN - 1438-0064 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahnke, Heinz-Eberhard A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Baum, Daniel A1 - Hege, Hans-Christian A1 - Herter, Felix A1 - Lindow, Norbert A1 - Manke, Ingo A1 - Siopi, Tzulia A1 - Menei, Eve A1 - Etienne, Marc A1 - Lepper, Verena T1 - Virtual unfolding of folded papyri JF - Journal of Cultural Heritage N2 - The historical importance of ancient manuscripts is unique since they provide information about the heritage of ancient cultures. Often texts are hidden in rolled or folded documents. Due to recent impro- vements in sensitivity and resolution, spectacular disclosures of rolled hidden texts were possible by X-ray tomography. However, revealing text on folded manuscripts is even more challenging. Manual unfolding is often too risky in view of the fragile condition of fragments, as it can lead to the total loss of the document. X-ray tomography allows for virtual unfolding and enables non-destructive access to hid- den texts. We have recently demonstrated the procedure and tested unfolding algorithms on a mockup sample. Here, we present results on unfolding ancient papyrus packages from the papyrus collection of the Musée du Louvre, among them objects folded along approximately orthogonal folding lines. In one of the packages, the first identification of a word was achieved, the Coptic word for “Lord”. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.007 VL - 41 SP - 264 EP - 269 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mahnke, Heinz-Eberhard A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Baum, Daniel A1 - Hege, Hans-Christian A1 - Herter, Felix A1 - Lindow, Norbert A1 - Manke, Ingo A1 - Siopi, Tzulia A1 - Menei, Eve A1 - Etienne, Marc A1 - Lepper, Verena T1 - Virtual unfolding of folded papyri N2 - The historical importance of ancient manuscripts is unique since they provide information about the heritage of ancient cultures. Often texts are hidden in rolled or folded documents. Due to recent impro- vements in sensitivity and resolution, spectacular disclosures of rolled hidden texts were possible by X-ray tomography. However, revealing text on folded manuscripts is even more challenging. Manual unfolding is often too risky in view of the fragile condition of fragments, as it can lead to the total loss of the document. X-ray tomography allows for virtual unfolding and enables non-destructive access to hid- den texts. We have recently demonstrated the procedure and tested unfolding algorithms on a mockup sample. Here, we present results on unfolding ancient papyrus packages from the papyrus collection of the Musée du Louvre, among them objects folded along approximately orthogonal folding lines. In one of the packages, the first identification of a word was achieved, the Coptic word for “Lord”. T3 - ZIB-Report - 19-44 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-74338 SN - 1438-0064 ER -