TY - GEN A1 - Le, Thi Thai T1 - Effect of viscous forces on the interface stability of a tangential-velocity discontinuity in compressible fluids T2 - Journal N2 - Compressible flows are prevalent in natural and technological processes, particularly in the energy transition to renewable energy systems. Consequently, extensive research has focused on understanding the stability of tangential--velocity discontinuity in compressible media. Despite recent advancements that address industrial challenges more realistically, many studies have ignored viscous stress tensors' impact, leading to inaccuracies in predicting interface stability. This omission becomes critical, especially in high Reynolds or low Mach number flows, where viscous forces dissipate kinetic energy across interfaces, affect total energy dissipation, and dampen flow instabilities. Our work is thus motivated to analyze the viscosity force effect by including the viscous stress tensor terms in the motion equations. Our results show that by considering the effect of viscous forces, the tangential-velocity discontinuity interface is constantly destabilized for the entire range of the Mach number. T3 - ZIB-Report - 24-04 Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pedersen, Jaap A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Koch, Thorsten A1 - Zittel, Janina T1 - Optimal discrete pipe sizing for tree-shaped CO2 networks JF - OR Spectrum N2 - For industries like the cement industry, switching to a carbon-neutral production process is impossible. They must rely on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies to reduce their production processes’ inevitable carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For transporting continuously large amounts of CO2, utilizing a pipeline network is the most effective solution; however, building such a network is expensive. Therefore minimizing the cost of the pipelines to be built is extremely important to make the operation financially feasible. In this context, we investigate the problem of finding optimal pipeline diameters from a discrete set of diameters for a tree-shaped network transporting captured CO2 from multiple sources to a single sink. The general problem of optimizing arc capacities in potential-based fluid networks is already a challenging mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem. The problem becomes even more complex when adding the highly sensitive nonlinear behavior of CO2 regarding temperature and pressure changes. We propose an iterative algorithm splitting the problem into two parts: a) the pipe-sizing problem under a fixed supply scenario and temperature distribution and b) the thermophysical modeling, including mixing effects, the Joule-Thomson effect, and heat exchange with the surrounding environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying our algorithm to a real-world network planning problem for a CO2 network in Western Germany. Further, we show the robustness of the algorithm by solving a large artificially created set of network instances. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-024-00773-z VL - 46 SP - 1163 EP - 1187 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Fukumoto, Yasuhide T1 - Effect of depth discontinuity on interfacial stability of tangential-velocity discontinuity in shallow-water flow JF - Physics Letters A N2 - It is well known as the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) that an interface of tangential velocity discontinuity is necessarily unstable, regardless of the velocity difference's strength. However, the KHI is suppressed for shallow water flows if the Froude number, defined by the ratio of the velocity difference to the gravity wave's speed, is sufficiently large. In this investigation, we examine the effect of the depth difference of two fluid layers on the KHI. The depth difference enhances instability. Given the Froude number in the instability range, the growth rate sensitively depends on the depth ratio and increases monotonically with the depth ratio difference from unity. The critical value of the Froude number for stabilization varies with the depth ratio and attains the minimum value √8 for equal depth. This behavior is verified by asymptotic analysis. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2022.128073 VL - 436 SP - 128073 PB - ELSEVIER ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Koch, Thorsten T1 - Interface stability of compressible fluids in porous media JF - Physics of Fluids N2 - The stability of flows in porous media plays a vital role in transiting energy supply from natural gas to hydrogen, especially for estimating the usability of existing underground gas storage infrastructures. Thus, this research aims to analyze the interface stability of the tangential-velocity discontinuity between two compressible gases by using Darcy's model to include the porosity effect. The results shown in this research will be a basis for considering whether underground gas storages in porous material can be used to store hydrogen. We show the relation between the Mach number M, the viscosity \mu, and the porosity \epsilon on the stability of the interface. This interface stability affects gases' withdrawal and injection processes, thus will help us to determine the velocity which with gas can be extracted and injected into the storage effectively. By imposing solid walls along the flow direction, the critical values of these parameters regarding the stability of the interface are smaller than when considering no walls. The consideration of bounded flows approaches the problem more realistically. In particular, this analysis plays a vital role when considering two-dimensional gas flows in storages and pipes. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059336 VL - 33 IS - 8 SP - 084102 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jin, Liangbing A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Fukumoto, Yasuhide T1 - Frictional effect on stability of discontinuity interface in tangential velocity of a shallow-water flow JF - Physics Letters A N2 - We examine a frictional effect on the linear stability of an interface of discontinuity in tangential velocity. The fluid is moving with uniform velocity U in a region but is at rest in the other, and the bottom surface is assumed to exert drag force, quadratic in velocity, on the thin fluid layer. In the absence of the drag, the instability of the Kelvin-Helmholtz type is suppressed for U>√8 c, with c being the propagating speed of the gravity wave. We find by asymptotic analyses for both small and large values of the drag strength that the drag, regardless of its strength, makes the flow unstable for the whole range of the Froude number U/c. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2019.125839 VL - 383 IS - 26 SP - 125839 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai T1 - Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a shallow-water flow with a finite width JF - Journal of Mathematical Physics N2 - We examine an effect of side walls on the linear stability of an interface of tangential-velocity discontinuity in shallow-water flow. The flow is pure horizontal in the plane xy, and the fluid is bounded in a finite width 2d in the y− direction. In region 0 < y < d, the fluid is moving with uniform velocity U but is at rest for −d < y < 0. Without side walls, the flow is unstable for a velocity difference U<√8c U < √8 c, with c being the velocity of gravity waves. In this work, we show that if the velocity difference U is smaller than 2c, the interface is always destabilized, also known as the flow is unstable. The unstable region of an infinite width model is shrunken by the effects of side walls in the case of narrow width, while there is no range for the Froude number for stabilization in the case of large width. These results play an important role in predicting the wave propagations and have a wide application in the fields of industry. As a result of the interaction of waves and the mean flow boundary, the flow is unstable, which is caused by a decrease in the kinetic energy of disturbance. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5126321 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 123101 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai T1 - Effect of water depth on Kelvin - Helmholtz instability in a shallow-water flow JF - Journal of Mathematical Physics N2 - It is well known that the interface between two regions of an incompressible ideal fluid flow moving in a relative motion is necessarily destabilized, regardless of the velocity difference's strength. This phenomenon is the so-called Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). However, a large number of works demonstrated a surprising result that the instability is suppressed for shallow water flows; the interface is stabilized if the Froude number, defined by the velocity difference's ratio to the gravity wave's speed, is sufficiently large. In a limited way, these authors have been used the shallow-water equations without the higher-order effect of the dispersive terms. Thus, this investigation aims to examine these higher-order dispersive effects to analyze the interface stability problem of tangential-velocity discontinuity in shallow-water flows. In particular, we use the Green-Naghdi equations to introduce the dispersive terms related to the depth and the depth-averaged horizontal velocities of the fluid. We show that the interface stability depends on the Froude number (i.e., the velocity difference's strength) and the water depth. A critical value of the Froude number to stabilize the interface is smaller than the case of no dispersive terms, and the flow in a deeper region is more stable than in a shallower one. We also consider the distribution of kinetic and potential energy to clarify a feature characteristic of a large class of instabilities in shallow water flow. The instability of flows is caused by the decrease in the kinetic energy during the perturbation of waves. This phenomenon is known as negative energy modes and plays a vital role in applying the model to industrial equipment. A conclusion is that the equipartition of energies occurs if and only if the velocity difference is zero and the water depth is shallow enough to ignore the dispersive terms. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5145060 VL - 62 IS - 10 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Koch, Thorsten T1 - Effect of inertia force on the interface stability of a tangential-velocity discontinuity in porous media JF - International Journal of Multiphase Flow N2 - The present study investigates the stability of a tangential-velocity discontinuity in porous media during the withdrawing and injecting processes of natural gases from and into an underground gas storage. The focus is placed on analyzing the impact of inertia forces on the interface stability using the Forchheimer equations. Other publications have relied primarily on Darcy's law to describe flow stability in porous media. However, Darcy's law only adequately describes flows in which viscous forces dominate over inertia forces. As the flow rate increases, the significance of inertia forces becomes more pronounced, and Darcy's law becomes insufficient for considering such flows. Our findings indicate that even a slight consideration of the inertia effect leads to permanent destabilization of the discontinuity interface, regardless of the fluid viscosity or the Mach number. In contrast, when the inertia effect is neglected, the interface is stabilized across the entire Mach number range if the fluid viscosity is strong enough. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2023.104612 VL - 169 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Petkovic, Milena T1 - Predicting Fluid Interface Instability in Energy Systems for Sustainable Energy Transition JF - Operations Research Proceedings 2023. OR 2023. N2 - Due to the coexistence of different gases in underground storage, this work explores the interface stability's impact on energy storage, specifically during the injection and withdrawal of gases such as hydrogen and natural gas. A new approach of combing simulation and time series analysis is used to accurately predict instability modes in energy systems. Our simulation is based on the 2D Euler equations, solved using a second-order finite volume method with a staggered grid. The solution is validated by comparing them to experimental data and analytical solutions, accurately predicting the instability's behavior. We use time series analysis and state-of-the-art regime-switching methods to identify critical features of the interface dynamics, providing crucial insights into system optimization and design. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58405-3_45 SP - 349 EP - 356 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Tran, Van Cuc A1 - Phung, Dang Hieu T1 - Numerical simulation of tidal flow in Danang Bay Based on non-hydrostatic shallow water equations JF - Pacific Journal of Mathematics for Industry N2 - This paper presents a numerical simulation of the tidal flow in Danang Bay (Vietnam) based on the non-hydrostatic shallow water equations. First, to test the simulation capability of the non-hydrostatic model, we have made a test simulation comparing it with the experiment by Beji and Battjes 1993. Simulation results for this case are compared with both the experimental data and calculations obtained from the traditional hydrostatic model. It is shown that the non-hydrostatic model is better than the hydrostatic model when the seabed topography variation is complex. The usefulness of the non-hydrostatic model is father shown by successfully simulating the tidal flow of Danang Bay. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40736-015-0020-6 VL - 8 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Fukumoto, Yasuhide A1 - Koch, Thorsten T1 - Linear stability of a simple shear layer between two parallel streams in a shallow water flow JF - Physics Letters A N2 - The stability of shear layers in fluid flows is a crucial factor in forming vortices and jets and plays a fundamental role in the development of turbulence. Such shear layer instabilities are ubiquitous in natural phenomena, such as atmospheric and oceanic flows, contributing to the formation of weather systems and predicting tsunamis. This study specifically focuses on the stability of a shear layer sandwiched between two semi-infinite layers within a two-dimensional flow. The velocity profile of the shear layer is assumed to be linearly dependent on the vertical coordinate, while the velocity of the other layers remains uniform with differing strengths. The effect of viscosity and surface tension is ignored to simplify the analysis. The shallow water equations are used to analyze the interface stability of the shear layer, and the resulting dispersion relation between wave frequency and other wave characteristics is obtained. This relation incorporates Whittaker functions and their first derivatives and is used to derive appropriate limits corresponding to various physical conditions. Our study thus contributes to a deeper understanding of the stability of shear layers and their implications for natural phenomena. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2023.129264 VL - 493 PB - Elservier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Koch, Thorsten T1 - Instability of a tangential discontinuity surface in a three-dimensional compressible medium JF - Physics of Fluids N2 - Compressible flows appear in many natural and technological processes, for instance, the flow of natural gases in a pipe system. Thus, a detailed study of the stability of tangential velocity discontinuity in compressible media is relevant and necessary. The first early investigation in two-dimensional (2D) media was given more than 70 years ago. In this article, we continue investigating the stability in three-dimensional (3D) media. The idealized statement of this problem in an infinite spatial space was studied by Syrovatskii in 1954. However, the omission of the absolute sign of cos θ with θ being the angle between vectors of velocity and wave number in a certain inequality produced the inaccurate conclusion that the flow is always unstable for entire values of the Mach number M. First, we revisit this case to arrive at the correct conclusion, namely that the discontinuity surface is stabilized for a large Mach number with a given value of the angle θ. Next, we introduce a real finite spatial system such that it is bounded by solid walls along the flow direction. We show that the discontinuity surface is stable if and only if the dispersion relation equation has only real roots, with a large value of the Mach number; otherwise, the surface is always unstable. In particular, we show that a smaller critical value of the Mach number is required to make the flow in a narrow channel stable. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0033753 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 016106 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pedersen, Jaap A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Koch, Thorsten A1 - Zittel, Janina T1 - Optimal discrete pipe sizing for tree-shaped CO2 networks N2 - While energy-intensive industries like the steel industry plan to switch to renewable energy sources, other industries, such as the cement industry, have to rely on carbon capture storage and utilization technologies to reduce the inevitable carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of their production processes. In this context, we investigate the problem of finding optimal pipeline diameters from a discrete set of diameters for a tree-shaped network transporting captured CO2 from multiple sources to a single sink. The general problem of optimizing arc capacities in potential-based fluid networks is a challenging mixed-integer nonlinear program. Additionally, the behaviour of CO2 is highly sensitive and nonlinear regarding temperature and pressure changes. We propose an iterative algorithm splitting the problem into two parts: a) the pipe-sizing problem under a fixed supply scenario and temperature distribution and b) the thermophysical modelling including mixing effects, the Joule-Thomson effect, and heat exchange with the surrounding environment. We show the effectiveness of our approach by applying our algorithm to a real-world network planning problem for a CO2 network in Western Germany. T3 - ZIB-Report - 22-15 KW - CO2 Transport KW - Network Design KW - Pipeline Sizing Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-87574 SN - 1438-0064 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le, Thi Thai A1 - Koch, Thorsten T1 - Viscosity and porosity effects on tangential-discontinuity surface stability in 3D Compressible Media JF - Physics of Fluids N2 - The stability of a flow in porous media relates to the velocity rate of injecting and withdrawing natural gases inside porous storage. We thus aim to analyze the stability of flows in porous media to accelerate the energy transition process. This research examines a flow model of a tangential--velocity discontinuity with porosity and viscosity changes in a three-dimensional (3D) compressible medium because of a co-existence of different gases in a storage. The fluids are assumed to move in a relative motion where the plane y=0 is a tangential-velocity discontinuity surface. We obtain that the critical value of the Mach number to stabilize a tangential discontinuity surface of flows via porous media is smaller than the one of flows in a plane. The critical value of the Mach number M to stabilize a discontinuity surface of the 3D flow is different by a factor |cosθ| compared to the two-dimensional (2D) flow. Here, θ is the angle between velocity and wavenumber vectors. Our results also show that the flow model with viscosity and porosity effects is stable faster than those without these terms. Our analysis is done for both infinite and finite flows. The effect of solid walls along the flow direction could suppress the instability, i.e., the tangential-discontinuity surface is stabilized faster Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0095970 VL - 34 IS - 7 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shimada, Naoki A1 - Mako, Sato A1 - Yaegashi, Yuta A1 - Koch, Thorsten A1 - Le, Thi Thai T1 - An Application of Modified S-CLSVOF Method to Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability and Comparison with Theoretical Result JF - Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan N2 - This study focuses on validating a two-phase flow solver based on the modified Simple Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid method (Uchihashi et al. (2023)) through viscous Kelvin-Helmholtz instability simulations. Our numerical simulation results are compared with the ones given by Funada and Joseph (2001) to provide reliable predictions of interface behavior under the influence of viscosity. The primary goal is to accurately assess the solver's ability to replicate theoretical analysis of interface behaviors under various conditions. First, the wave between two fluids of identical density is calculated. In addition, the effect of surface tension is investigated. By comparing growth rates, numerical simulations obtain well-agreements with the analytical results on the effect of the fluid viscosity, the wave number, and the surface tension. Finally, fluid density is changed to an air-water system. When relative velocity U is smaller than the criteria of relative velocity U_c given by analytical solutions, the wave is not broken. However, waves are splashed into droplets in the condition of U>U_c. This result agrees with the analysis by Funada and Joseph (2001). These findings provide a robust framework for applying the solver to more complex two-phase flow problems, supporting advancements in numerical simulations of fluid interfaces. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00219592.2025.2451953 VL - 58 IS - 1 PB - Taylor and Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sato, Mako A1 - Koch, Thorsten A1 - Le, Thi Thai T1 - Influence of frictional drag on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in viscous fluids JF - Physics of Fluids N2 - The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability arises at the interface between two fluid layers with a tangential velocity discontinuity, significantly impacting the safety of systems in industrial applications. Despite extensive studies, many theoretical analyses neglect viscosity and frictional drag due to the complexity of solving the dispersion equation. However, including these effects is crucial, as viscosity alters the growth rate of the instability, while frictional drag influences energy dissipation and momentum transfer. In this study, these effects are incorporated into both finite and infinite flows. The assumption of a potential flow combined with a dissipation method is employed to derive the dispersion equation, providing a more tractable approach than direct calculation methods. The results indicate that, in the case of infinite flows, the frictional drag suppresses the growth of the instability for long waves (small wavenumber k) but enhances it for short waves (large k). In contrast, the surface tension dominates, while the frictional drag only slightly affects the growth rate in the case of finite flows bounded by solid walls. Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0306177 VL - 38 IS - 1 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Physics of Fluids ER -